NFL dataset loaders

flowchart LR
  raw["scrape / raw"] --> enrich["enrich"] --> rel["release asset"] --> load["load_*()"]

Automation status

Dataset	Release tag	Pipeline
load_nfl_pbp	pbp	—
load_nfl_model_pbp	nfl_model_pbp	—
load_nfl_ratings_weekly	nfl_ratings_weekly	—
load_nfl_ngs	nfl_ngs_passing	—
load_nfl_rosters	rosters	—
load_nfl_weekly_rosters	weekly_rosters	—
load_nfl_depth_charts	depth_charts	—
load_nfl_injuries	injuries	—
load_nfl_snap_counts	snap_counts	—
load_nfl_pbp_participation	pbp_participation	—
load_nfl_ftn_charting	ftn_charting	—
load_nfl_usage_players	espn_nfl_usage_players	—
load_nfl_usage_position_groups	espn_nfl_usage_position_groups	—
load_nfl_usage_tackles	espn_nfl_usage_tackles	—
load_nfl_usage_position_group_tackles	espn_nfl_usage_position_group_tackles	—
load_nfl_usage_teams	espn_nfl_usage_teams	—
load_nfl_usage_drive_scripting	espn_nfl_usage_drive_scripting	—
load_nfl_usage_st_kickers	espn_nfl_usage_st_kickers	—
load_nfl_usage_st_punters	espn_nfl_usage_st_punters	—
load_nfl_usage_st_returners	espn_nfl_usage_st_returners	—
load_nfl_usage_st_blocks	espn_nfl_usage_st_blocks	—
load_nfl_usage_st_team	espn_nfl_usage_st_team	—
load_nfl_team_tendencies	espn_nfl_team_tendencies	—
load_nfl_coach_tendencies	espn_nfl_coach_tendencies	—
load_nfl_coach_careers	espn_nfl_coach_careers	—

load_nfl_pbp

Release: pbp · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/pbp/play_by_play_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
play_id	Float64	Numeric play id that when used with game_id and drive provides the unique identifier for a single play.
game_id	String	Ten digit identifier for NFL game.
old_game_id	String	Legacy NFL game ID.
home_team	String	The home team. Note that this contains the designated home team for games which no team is playing at home such as Super Bowls or NFL International games.
away_team	String	String abbreviation for the away team.
season_type	String	REG or POST indicating if the timeframe belongs to regular or post season.
week	Int32	Season week.
posteam	String	String abbreviation for the team with possession.
posteam_type	String	String indicating whether the posteam team is home or away.
defteam	String	String abbreviation for the team on defense.
side_of_field	String	String abbreviation for which team's side of the field the team with possession is currently on.
yardline_100	Float64	Numeric distance in the number of yards from the opponent's endzone for the posteam.
game_date	String	Date of the game.
quarter_seconds_remaining	Float64	Numeric seconds remaining in the quarter.
half_seconds_remaining	Float64	Numeric seconds remaining in the half.
game_seconds_remaining	Float64	Numeric seconds remaining in the game.
game_half	String	String indicating which half the play is in, either Half1, Half2, or Overtime.
quarter_end	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the row of the data is marking the end of a quarter.
drive	Float64	Numeric drive number in the game.
sp	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not a score occurred on the play.
qtr	Float64	Quarter of the game (5 is overtime).
down	Float64	The down for the given play.
goal_to_go	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the posteam is in a goal down situation.
time	String	Time at start of play provided in string format as minutes:seconds remaining in the quarter.
yrdln	String	String indicating the current field position for a given play.
ydstogo	Float64	Numeric yards in distance from either the first down marker or the endzone in goal down situations.
ydsnet	Float64	Numeric value for total yards gained on the given drive.
desc	String	Detailed string description for the given play.
play_type	String	String indicating the type of play: pass (includes sacks), run (includes scrambles), punt, field_goal, kickoff, extra_point, qb_kneel, qb_spike, no_play (timeouts and penalties), and missing for rows indicating end of play.
yards_gained	Float64	Numeric yards gained (or lost) by the possessing team, excluding yards gained via fumble recoveries and laterals.
shotgun	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the play was in shotgun formation.
no_huddle	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the play was in no_huddle formation.
qb_dropback	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB dropped back on the play (pass attempt, sack, or scrambled).
qb_kneel	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB took a knee.
qb_spike	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB spiked the ball.
qb_scramble	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB scrambled.
pass_length	String	String indicator for pass length: short or deep.
pass_location	String	String indicator for pass location: left, middle, or right.
air_yards	Float64	Numeric value for distance in yards perpendicular to the line of scrimmage at where the targeted receiver either caught or didn't catch the ball.
yards_after_catch	Float64	Numeric value for distance in yards perpendicular to the yard line where the receiver made the reception to where the play ended.
run_location	String	String indicator for location of run: left, middle, or right.
run_gap	String	String indicator for line gap of run: end, guard, or tackle
field_goal_result	String	String indicator for result of field goal attempt: made, missed, or blocked.
kick_distance	Float64	Numeric distance in yards for kickoffs, field goals, and punts.
extra_point_result	String	String indicator for the result of the extra point attempt: good, failed, blocked, safety (touchback in defensive endzone is 1 point apparently), or aborted.
two_point_conv_result	String	String indicator for result of two point conversion attempt: success, failure, safety (touchback in defensive endzone is 1 point apparently), or return.
home_timeouts_remaining	Float64	Numeric timeouts remaining in the half for the home team.
away_timeouts_remaining	Float64	Numeric timeouts remaining in the half for the away team.
timeout	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not a timeout was called by either team.
timeout_team	String	String abbreviation for which team called the timeout.
td_team	String	String abbreviation for which team scored the touchdown.
td_player_name	String	String name of the player who scored a touchdown.
td_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the player who scored a touchdown.
posteam_timeouts_remaining	Float64	Number of timeouts remaining for the possession team.
defteam_timeouts_remaining	Float64	Number of timeouts remaining for the team on defense.
total_home_score	Float64	Score for the home team at the start of the play.
total_away_score	Float64	Score for the away team at the start of the play.
posteam_score	Float64	Score the posteam at the start of the play.
defteam_score	Float64	Score the defteam at the start of the play.
score_differential	Float64	Score differential between the posteam and defteam at the start of the play.
posteam_score_post	Float64	Score for the posteam at the end of the play.
defteam_score_post	Float64	Score for the defteam at the end of the play.
score_differential_post	Float64	Score differential between the posteam and defteam at the end of the play.
no_score_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of no score occurring for the rest of the half based on the expected points model.
opp_fg_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the defteam scoring a FG next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
opp_safety_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the defteam scoring a safety next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
opp_td_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the defteam scoring a TD next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
fg_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring a FG next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
safety_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring a safety next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
td_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring a TD next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
extra_point_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring an extra point.
two_point_conversion_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring the two point conversion.
ep	Float64	Using the scoring event probabilities, the estimated expected points with respect to the possession team for the given play.
epa	Float64	Expected points added (EPA) by the posteam for the given play.
total_home_epa	Float64	Cumulative total EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_epa	Float64	Cumulative total EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_rush_epa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_rush_epa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_pass_epa	Float64	Cumulative total passing EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_pass_epa	Float64	Cumulative total passing EPA for the away team in the game so far.
air_epa	Float64	EPA from the air yards alone. For completions this represents the actual value provided through the air. For incompletions this represents the hypothetical value that could've been added through the air if the pass was completed.
yac_epa	Float64	EPA from the yards after catch alone. For completions this represents the actual value provided after the catch. For incompletions this represents the difference between the hypothetical air_epa and the play's raw observed EPA (how much the incomplete pass cost the posteam).
comp_air_epa	Float64	EPA from the air yards alone only for completions.
comp_yac_epa	Float64	EPA from the yards after catch alone only for completions.
total_home_comp_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_comp_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac EPA for the away team in the game so far.
wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the posteam given the current situation at the start of the given play.
def_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the defteam.
home_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the home team.
away_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the away team.
wpa	Float64	Win probability added (WPA) for the posteam.
vegas_wpa	Float64	Win probability added (WPA) for the posteam: spread_adjusted model.
vegas_home_wpa	Float64	Win probability added (WPA) for the home team: spread_adjusted model.
home_wp_post	Float64	Estimated win probability for the home team at the end of the play.
away_wp_post	Float64	Estimated win probability for the away team at the end of the play.
vegas_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the posteam given the current situation at the start of the given play, incorporating pre-game Vegas line.
vegas_home_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the home team incorporating pre-game Vegas line.
total_home_rush_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_rush_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_pass_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total passing WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_pass_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total passing WPA for the away team in the game so far.
air_wpa	Float64	WPA through the air (same logic as air_epa).
yac_wpa	Float64	WPA from yards after the catch (same logic as yac_epa).
comp_air_wpa	Float64	The air_wpa for completions only.
comp_yac_wpa	Float64	The yac_wpa for completions only.
total_home_comp_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_comp_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac WPA for the away team in the game so far.
punt_blocked	Float64	Binary indicator for if the punt was blocked.
first_down_rush	Float64	Binary indicator for if a running play converted the first down.
first_down_pass	Float64	Binary indicator for if a passing play converted the first down.
first_down_penalty	Float64	Binary indicator for if a penalty converted the first down.
third_down_converted	Float64	Binary indicator for if the first down was converted on third down.
third_down_failed	Float64	Binary indicator for if the posteam failed to convert first down on third down.
fourth_down_converted	Float64	Binary indicator for if the first down was converted on fourth down.
fourth_down_failed	Float64	Binary indicator for if the posteam failed to convert first down on fourth down.
incomplete_pass	Float64	Binary indicator for if the pass was incomplete.
touchback	Float64	Binary indicator for if a touchback occurred on the play.
interception	Float64	Binary indicator for if the pass was intercepted.
punt_inside_twenty	Float64	Binary indicator for if the punt ended inside the twenty yard line.
punt_in_endzone	Float64	Binary indicator for if the punt was in the endzone.
punt_out_of_bounds	Float64	Binary indicator for if the punt went out of bounds.
punt_downed	Float64	Binary indicator for if the punt was downed.
punt_fair_catch	Float64	Binary indicator for if the punt was caught with a fair catch.
kickoff_inside_twenty	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff ended inside the twenty yard line.
kickoff_in_endzone	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff was in the endzone.
kickoff_out_of_bounds	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff went out of bounds.
kickoff_downed	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff was downed.
kickoff_fair_catch	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff was caught with a fair catch.
fumble_forced	Float64	Binary indicator for if the fumble was forced.
fumble_not_forced	Float64	Binary indicator for if the fumble was not forced.
fumble_out_of_bounds	Float64	Binary indicator for if the fumble went out of bounds.
solo_tackle	Float64	Binary indicator if the play had a solo tackle (could be multiple due to fumbles).
safety	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not a safety occurred.
penalty	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not a penalty occurred.
tackled_for_loss	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not a tackle for loss on a run play occurred.
fumble_lost	Float64	Binary indicator for if the fumble was lost.
own_kickoff_recovery	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kicking team recovered the kickoff.
own_kickoff_recovery_td	Float64	Binary indicator for if the kicking team recovered the kickoff and scored a TD.
qb_hit	Float64	Binary indicator if the QB was hit on the play.
rush_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play was a run.
pass_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play was a pass attempt (includes sacks).
sack	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play ended in a sack.
touchdown	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a TD.
pass_touchdown	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a passing TD.
rush_touchdown	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a rushing TD.
return_touchdown	Float64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a return TD. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
extra_point_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for extra point attempt.
two_point_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for two point conversion attempt.
field_goal_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for field goal attempt.
kickoff_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for kickoff.
punt_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator for punts.
fumble	Float64	Binary indicator for if a fumble occurred.
complete_pass	Float64	Binary indicator for if the pass was completed.
assist_tackle	Float64	Binary indicator for if an assist tackle occurred.
lateral_reception	Float64	Binary indicator for if a lateral occurred on the reception.
lateral_rush	Float64	Binary indicator for if a lateral occurred on a run.
lateral_return	Float64	Binary indicator for if a lateral occurred on a return. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
lateral_recovery	Float64	Binary indicator for if a lateral occurred on a fumble recovery.
passer_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that attempted the pass.
passer_player_name	String	String name for the player that attempted the pass.
passing_yards	Float64	Numeric yards by the passer_player_name, including yards gained in pass plays with laterals. This should equal official passing statistics.
receiver_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the receiver that was targeted on the pass.
receiver_player_name	String	String name for the targeted receiver.
receiving_yards	Float64	Numeric yards by the receiver_player_name, excluding yards gained in pass plays with laterals. This should equal official receiving statistics but could miss yards gained in pass plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_receiver_player_name for further information.
rusher_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that attempted the run.
rusher_player_name	String	String name for the player that attempted the run.
rushing_yards	Float64	Numeric yards by the rusher_player_name, excluding yards gained in rush plays with laterals. This should equal official rushing statistics but could miss yards gained in rush plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_rusher_player_name for further information.
lateral_receiver_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that received the last(!) lateral on a pass play.
lateral_receiver_player_name	String	String name for the player that received the last(!) lateral on a pass play. If there were multiple laterals in the same play, this will only be the last player who received a lateral. Please see https://github.com/mrcaseb/nfl-data/tree/master/data/lateral_yards for a list of plays where multiple players recorded lateral receiving yards.
lateral_receiving_yards	Float64	Numeric yards by the lateral_receiver_player_name in pass plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_receiver_player_name for further information.
lateral_rusher_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that received the last(!) lateral on a run play.
lateral_rusher_player_name	String	String name for the player that received the last(!) lateral on a run play. If there were multiple laterals in the same play, this will only be the last player who received a lateral. Please see https://github.com/mrcaseb/nfl-data/tree/master/data/lateral_yards for a list of plays where multiple players recorded lateral rushing yards.
lateral_rushing_yards	Float64	Numeric yards by the lateral_rusher_player_name in run plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_rusher_player_name for further information.
lateral_sack_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that received the lateral on a sack.
lateral_sack_player_name	String	String name for the player that received the lateral on a sack.
interception_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that intercepted the pass.
interception_player_name	String	String name for the player that intercepted the pass.
lateral_interception_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that received the lateral on an interception.
lateral_interception_player_name	String	String name for the player that received the lateral on an interception.
punt_returner_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the punt returner.
punt_returner_player_name	String	String name for the punt returner.
lateral_punt_returner_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that received the lateral on a punt return.
lateral_punt_returner_player_name	String	String name for the player that received the lateral on a punt return.
kickoff_returner_player_name	String	String name for the kickoff returner.
kickoff_returner_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the kickoff returner.
lateral_kickoff_returner_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that received the lateral on a kickoff return.
lateral_kickoff_returner_player_name	String	String name for the player that received the lateral on a kickoff return.
punter_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the punter.
punter_player_name	String	String name for the punter.
kicker_player_name	String	String name for the kicker on FG or kickoff.
kicker_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the kicker on FG or kickoff.
own_kickoff_recovery_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that recovered their own kickoff.
own_kickoff_recovery_player_name	String	String name for the player that recovered their own kickoff.
blocked_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that blocked the punt or FG.
blocked_player_name	String	String name for the player that blocked the punt or FG.
tackle_for_loss_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
tackle_for_loss_1_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
tackle_for_loss_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
tackle_for_loss_2_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
qb_hit_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
qb_hit_1_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
qb_hit_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
qb_hit_2_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
forced_fumble_player_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a forced fumble.
solo_tackle_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a solo tackle.
assist_tackle_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_3_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_3_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_3_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_4_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_4_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_4_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
tackle_with_assist	Float64	Binary indicator for if there has been a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
pass_defense_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a pass defense.
pass_defense_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a pass defense.
pass_defense_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a pass defense.
pass_defense_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a pass defense.
fumbled_1_team	String	Team of one of the first player with a fumble.
fumbled_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the first player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the first player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the second player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the second player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_2_team	String	Team of one of the second player with a fumble.
fumble_recovery_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_1_yards	Float64	Yards gained by one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_yards	Float64	Yards gained by one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
sack_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the player who recorded a solo sack.
sack_player_name	String	String name of the player who recorded a solo sack.
half_sack_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the first player who recorded half a sack.
half_sack_1_player_name	String	String name of the first player who recorded half a sack.
half_sack_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the second player who recorded half a sack.
half_sack_2_player_name	String	String name of the second player who recorded half a sack.
return_team	String	String abbreviation of the return team. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
return_yards	Float64	Yards gained by the return team. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
penalty_team	String	String abbreviation of the team with the penalty.
penalty_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player with the penalty.
penalty_player_name	String	String name for the player with the penalty.
penalty_yards	Float64	Yards gained (or lost) by the posteam from the penalty.
replay_or_challenge	Float64	Binary indicator for whether or not a replay or challenge.
replay_or_challenge_result	String	String indicating the result of the replay or challenge.
penalty_type	String	String indicating the penalty type of the first penalty in the given play. Will be NA if desc is missing the type.
defensive_two_point_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator whether or not the defense was able to have an attempt on a two point conversion, this results following a turnover.
defensive_two_point_conv	Float64	Binary indicator whether or not the defense successfully scored on the two point conversion.
defensive_extra_point_attempt	Float64	Binary indicator whether or not the defense was able to have an attempt on an extra point attempt, this results following a blocked attempt that the defense recovers the ball.
defensive_extra_point_conv	Float64	Binary indicator whether or not the defense successfully scored on an extra point attempt.
safety_player_name	String	String name for the player who scored a safety.
safety_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player who scored a safety.
season	Int32	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
cp	Float64	Numeric value indicating the probability for a complete pass based on comparable game situations.
cpoe	Float64	Completion percentage over expected in PERCENTAGE POINTS, not a 0-1 rate -- 100 * (complete_pass - cp) per pass play, so a completed pass with cp 0.368 scores +63.2 and the same pass falling incomplete scores -36.8. Averaged over a passer's attempts it is the familiar CPOE of a few points either way; divide by 100 before combining it with 0-1 probabilities such as cp. Null on non-pass rows.
series	Float64	Starts at 1, each new first down increments, numbers shared across both teams NA: kickoffs, extra point/two point conversion attempts, non-plays, no posteam
series_success	Float64	1: scored touchdown, gained enough yards for first down.
series_result	String	Possible values: First down, Touchdown, Opp touchdown, Field goal, Missed field goal, Safety, Turnover, Punt, Turnover on downs, QB kneel, End of half
order_sequence	Float64	Column provided by NFL to fix out-of-order plays. Available 2011 and beyond with source "nfl".
start_time	String	Kickoff time in eastern time zone.
time_of_day	String	Time of day of play in UTC "HH:MM:SS" format. Available 2011 and beyond with source "nfl".
stadium	String	Name of the stadium
weather	String	String describing the weather including temperature, humidity and wind (direction and speed). Doesn't change during the game!
nfl_api_id	String	UUID of the game in the new NFL API.
play_clock	String	Time on the playclock when the ball was snapped.
play_deleted	Float64	Binary indicator for deleted plays.
play_type_nfl	String	Play type as listed in the NFL source. Slightly different to the regular play_type variable.
special_teams_play	Float64	Binary indicator for whether play is special teams play from NFL source. Available 2011 and beyond with source "nfl".
st_play_type	String	Type of special teams play from NFL source. Available 2011 and beyond with source "nfl".
end_clock_time	String	Game time at the end of a given play.
end_yard_line	String	String indicating the yardline at the end of the given play consisting of team half and yard line number.
fixed_drive	Float64	Manually created drive number in a game.
fixed_drive_result	String	Manually created drive result.
drive_real_start_time	String	Local day time when the drive started (currently not used by the NFL and therefore mostly 'NA').
drive_play_count	Float64	Numeric value of how many regular plays happened in a given drive.
drive_time_of_possession	String	Time of possession in a given drive.
drive_first_downs	Float64	Number of first downs in a given drive.
drive_inside20	Float64	Binary indicator if the offense was able to get inside the opponents 20 yard line.
drive_ended_with_score	Float64	Binary indicator the drive ended with a score.
drive_quarter_start	Float64	Numeric value indicating in which quarter the given drive has started.
drive_quarter_end	Float64	Numeric value indicating in which quarter the given drive has ended.
drive_yards_penalized	Float64	Numeric value of how many yards the offense gained or lost through penalties in the given drive.
drive_start_transition	String	String indicating how the offense got the ball.
drive_end_transition	String	String indicating how the offense lost the ball.
drive_game_clock_start	String	Game time at the beginning of a given drive.
drive_game_clock_end	String	Game time at the end of a given drive.
drive_start_yard_line	String	String indicating where a given drive started consisting of team half and yard line number.
drive_end_yard_line	String	String indicating where a given drive ended consisting of team half and yard line number.
drive_play_id_started	Float64	Play_id of the first play in the given drive.
drive_play_id_ended	Float64	Play_id of the last play in the given drive.
away_score	Int32	The number of points the away team scored. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played.
home_score	Int32	The number of points the home team scored. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played.
location	String	Either Home if the home team is playing in their home stadium, or Neutral if the game is being played at a neutral location. This still shows as Home for games between the Giants and Jets even though they share the same home stadium.
result	Int32	The number of points the home team scored minus the number of points the visiting team scored. Equals h_score - v_score. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played. Convenient for evaluating against the spread bets.
total	Int32	The sum of each team's score in the game. Equals h_score + v_score. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played. Convenient for evaluating over/under total bets.
spread_line	Float64	The closing spread line for the game. A positive number means the home team was favored by that many points, a negative number means the away team was favored by that many points. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
total_line	Float64	The closing total line for the game. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
div_game	Int32	Binary indicator of whether or not game was played by 2 teams in the same division.
roof	String	One of 'dome', 'outdoors', 'closed', 'open' indicating indicating the roof status of the stadium the game was played in. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
surface	String	What type of ground the game was played on. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
temp	Int32	The temperature at the stadium only for 'roof' = 'outdoors' or 'open'.(Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
wind	Int32	The speed of the wind in miles/hour only for 'roof' = 'outdoors' or 'open'. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
home_coach	String	First and last name of the home team coach. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
away_coach	String	First and last name of the away team coach. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
stadium_id	String	ID of the stadium the game was played in. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
game_stadium	String	Name of the stadium the game was played in. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
aborted_play	Float64	Binary indicator if the play description indicates "Aborted".
success	Float64	Binary indicator whether epa > 0 in the given play.
passer	String	Name of the dropback player (scrambles included) including plays with penalties.
passer_jersey_number	Int32	Jersey number of the passer.
rusher	String	Name of the rusher (no scrambles) including plays with penalties.
rusher_jersey_number	Int32	Jersey number of the rusher.
receiver	String	Name of the receiver including plays with penalties.
receiver_jersey_number	Int32	Jersey number of the receiver.
pass	Float64	Binary indicator if the play was a pass play (sacks and scrambles included).
rush	Float64	Binary indicator if the play was a rushing play.
first_down	Float64	Binary indicator if the play ended in a first down.
special	Float64	Binary indicator if "play_type" is one of "extra_point", "field_goal", "kickoff", or "punt".
play	Float64	Binary indicator: 1 if the play was a 'normal' play (including penalties), 0 otherwise.
passer_id	String	ID of the player in the 'passer' column.
rusher_id	String	ID of the player in the 'rusher' column.
receiver_id	String	ID of the player in the 'receiver' column.
name	String	Name, as reported by MFL but reordered into FirstName LastName instead of Last, First
jersey_number	Int32	Jersey number. Often useful for joins by name/team/jersey.
id	String	ID of the player in the 'name' column.
fantasy_player_name	String	Name of the rusher on rush plays or receiver on pass plays (from official stats).
fantasy_player_id	String	ID of the rusher on rush plays or receiver on pass plays (from official stats).
fantasy	String	Name of the rusher on rush plays or receiver on pass plays.
fantasy_id	String	ID of the rusher on rush plays or receiver on pass plays.
out_of_bounds	Float64	1 if play description contains ran ob, pushed ob, or sacked ob; 0 otherwise.
home_opening_kickoff	Float64	1 if the home team received the opening kickoff, 0 otherwise.
qb_epa	Float64	Gives QB credit for EPA for up to the point where a receiver lost a fumble after a completed catch and makes EPA work more like passing yards on plays with fumbles.
xyac_epa	Float64	Expected value of EPA gained after the catch, starting from where the catch was made. Zero yards after the catch would be listed as zero EPA.
xyac_mean_yardage	Float64	Average expected yards after the catch based on where the ball was caught.
xyac_median_yardage	Int32	Median expected yards after the catch based on where the ball was caught.
xyac_success	Float64	Probability play earns positive EPA (relative to where play started) based on where ball was caught.
xyac_fd	Float64	Probability play earns a first down based on where the ball was caught.
xpass	Float64	Probability of dropback scaled from 0 to 1.
pass_oe	Float64	Dropback percent over expected on a given play scaled from 0 to 100.

load_nfl_pbp(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_model_pbp

Release: nfl_model_pbp · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/nfl_model_pbp/model_pbp_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
game_id	String	Ten digit identifier for NFL game.
season	Int64	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
week	Int64	Season week.
season_type	String	REG or POST indicating if the timeframe belongs to regular or post season.
play_id	Int64	Numeric play id that when used with game_id and drive provides the unique identifier for a single play.
play_seq	Float64	Game-global sequential play order from the NFL.com Shield feed; ordering key within a game (game_id + play_seq is unique).
posteam	String	String abbreviation for the team with possession.
defteam	String	String abbreviation for the team on defense.
home_team	String	The home team. Note that this contains the designated home team for games which no team is playing at home such as Super Bowls or NFL International games.
away_team	String	String abbreviation for the away team.
home	Int64	Home team name.
qtr	Int64	Quarter of the game (5 is overtime).
game_half	String	String indicating which half the play is in, either Half1, Half2, or Overtime.
down	Int64	The down for the given play.
ydstogo	Int64	Numeric yards in distance from either the first down marker or the endzone in goal down situations.
yardline_100	Int64	Numeric distance in the number of yards from the opponent's endzone for the posteam.
goal_to_go	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not the posteam is in a goal down situation.
quarter_seconds_remaining	Int64	Numeric seconds remaining in the quarter.
half_seconds_remaining	Int64	Numeric seconds remaining in the half.
game_seconds_remaining	Int64	Numeric seconds remaining in the game.
play_type	String	String indicating the type of play: pass (includes sacks), run (includes scrambles), punt, field_goal, kickoff, extra_point, qb_kneel, qb_spike, no_play (timeouts and penalties), and missing for rows indicating end of play.
yards_gained	Int64	Numeric yards gained (or lost) by the possessing team, excluding yards gained via fumble recoveries and laterals.
desc	String	Detailed string description for the given play.
shield_play_type	String	Raw NFL.com Shield play-type enum for the play (e.g. RUSH, PASS, FIELD_GOAL, KICK_OFF, PENALTY, END_QUARTER, GAME_START, COMMENT) -- the unmapped upstream value behind the nflfastR-style play_type.
special_teams_play_type	String	Shield special-teams sub-type qualifier; UNSPECIFIED on ordinary plays and PENALTY when the special-teams play resolved to a penalty.
sp	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not a score occurred on the play.
pass_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play was a pass attempt (includes sacks).
complete_pass	Int64	Binary indicator for if the pass was completed.
incomplete_pass	Int64	Binary indicator for if the pass was incomplete.
interception	Int64	Binary indicator for if the pass was intercepted.
rush_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play was a run.
sack	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play ended in a sack.
touchdown	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a TD.
pass_touchdown	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a passing TD.
rush_touchdown	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a rushing TD.
return_touchdown	Int64	Binary indicator for if the play resulted in a return TD. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
field_goal_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for field goal attempt.
field_goal_made	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the field-goal attempt on this play was good.
field_goal_missed	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the field-goal attempt on this play was missed (not blocked).
field_goal_blocked	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the field-goal attempt on this play was blocked.
extra_point_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for extra point attempt.
two_point_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for two point conversion attempt.
punt_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for punts.
kickoff_attempt	Int64	Binary indicator for kickoff.
penalty	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not a penalty occurred.
fumble	Int64	Binary indicator for if a fumble occurred.
fumble_lost	Int64	Binary indicator for if the fumble was lost.
qb_hit	Int64	Binary indicator if the QB was hit on the play.
safety	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not a safety occurred.
timeout	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not a timeout was called by either team.
first_down_rush	Int64	Binary indicator for if a running play converted the first down.
first_down_pass	Int64	Binary indicator for if a passing play converted the first down.
first_down_penalty	Int64	Binary indicator for if a penalty converted the first down.
solo_tackle	Int64	Binary indicator if the play had a solo tackle (could be multiple due to fumbles).
assist_tackle	Int64	Binary indicator for if an assist tackle occurred.
tackle_with_assist	Int64	Binary indicator for if there has been a tackle with assist.
tackled_for_loss	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not a tackle for loss on a run play occurred.
fumble_forced	Int64	Binary indicator for if the fumble was forced.
fumble_not_forced	Int64	Binary indicator for if the fumble was not forced.
fumble_out_of_bounds	Int64	Binary indicator for if the fumble went out of bounds.
punt_fair_catch	Int64	Binary indicator for if the punt was caught with a fair catch.
punt_downed	Int64	Binary indicator for if the punt was downed.
punt_out_of_bounds	Int64	Binary indicator for if the punt went out of bounds.
kickoff_fair_catch	Int64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff was caught with a fair catch.
kickoff_out_of_bounds	Int64	Binary indicator for if the kickoff went out of bounds.
extra_point_good	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the extra-point kick on this play was good.
extra_point_failed	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the extra-point kick on this play was missed (not blocked or aborted).
extra_point_blocked	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the extra-point kick on this play was blocked.
extra_point_safety	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the extra-point attempt on this play resulted in a defensive safety (one point for the defense).
extra_point_aborted	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the extra-point attempt on this play was aborted (botched snap or hold, no kick attempted).
two_point_rush_good	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the two-point conversion attempt was a rush that converted.
two_point_rush_failed	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the two-point conversion attempt was a rush that failed.
two_point_rush_safety	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that a rushing two-point conversion attempt ended in a safety for the defense.
two_point_pass_good	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the two-point conversion attempt was a pass that converted.
two_point_pass_failed	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the two-point conversion attempt was a pass that failed.
two_point_pass_safety	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that a passing two-point conversion attempt ended in a safety for the defense.
two_point_pass_reception_good	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the two-point conversion was completed and credited as a reception.
two_point_pass_reception_failed	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the two-point conversion pass was thrown but not completed for the conversion.
two_point_return	Int64	Binary indicator (1/0) that the defense returned a failed conversion attempt for two points.
def_tackles_for_loss	Int64	Number of tackles for loss (TFL) for this player
def_tackles_for_loss_yards	Int64	Yards lost from TFLs involving this player
td_ids_touchdown	Int64	Count of touchdowns credited on the play from the Shield scoring-participant ids (2 on the rare multi-score bookkeeping rows).
misc_yards	Int64	Yards gained or lost on the play that are not attributed to a rush, pass, or return (miscellaneous Shield yardage bucket).
fumble_recovery_own_lateral_yards	Int64	Yards gained or lost after an own-team fumble recovery that came via a lateral.
fumble_recovery_opp_lateral_yards	Int64	Yards gained or lost after an opponent fumble recovery that came via a lateral.
air_yards	Int64	Numeric value for distance in yards perpendicular to the line of scrimmage at where the targeted receiver either caught or didn't catch the ball.
yards_after_catch	Int64	Numeric value for distance in yards perpendicular to the yard line where the receiver made the reception to where the play ended.
passing_yards	Int64	Numeric yards by the passer_player_name, including yards gained in pass plays with laterals. This should equal official passing statistics.
rushing_yards	Int64	Numeric yards by the rusher_player_name, excluding yards gained in rush plays with laterals. This should equal official rushing statistics but could miss yards gained in rush plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_rusher_player_name for further information.
receiving_yards	Int64	Numeric yards by the receiver_player_name, excluding yards gained in pass plays with laterals. This should equal official receiving statistics but could miss yards gained in pass plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_receiver_player_name for further information.
penalty_yards	Int64	Yards gained (or lost) by the posteam from the penalty.
kick_distance	Int64	Numeric distance in yards for kickoffs, field goals, and punts.
return_yards	Int64	Yards gained by the return team. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
lateral_rushing_yards	Null	Numeric yards by the lateral_rusher_player_name in run plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_rusher_player_name for further information.
lateral_receiving_yards	Null	Numeric yards by the lateral_receiver_player_name in pass plays with laterals. Please see the description of lateral_receiver_player_name for further information.
passer_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that attempted the pass.
passer_player_name	String	String name for the player that attempted the pass.
rusher_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that attempted the run.
rusher_player_name	String	String name for the player that attempted the run.
receiver_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the receiver that was targeted on the pass.
receiver_player_name	String	String name for the targeted receiver.
td_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the player who scored a touchdown.
td_player_name	String	String name of the player who scored a touchdown.
td_team	String	String abbreviation for which team scored the touchdown.
penalty_team	String	String abbreviation of the team with the penalty.
timeout_team	String	String abbreviation for which team called the timeout.
kicker_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the kicker on FG or kickoff.
kicker_player_name	String	String name for the kicker on FG or kickoff.
punter_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the punter.
punter_player_name	String	String name for the punter.
punt_returner_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the punt returner.
punt_returner_player_name	String	String name for the punt returner.
kickoff_returner_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the kickoff returner.
kickoff_returner_player_name	String	String name for the kickoff returner.
return_team	String	String abbreviation of the return team. Returns may occur on any of: interception, fumble, kickoff, punt, or blocked kicks.
interception_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that intercepted the pass.
interception_player_name	String	String name for the player that intercepted the pass.
sack_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the player who recorded a solo sack.
sack_player_name	String	String name of the player who recorded a solo sack.
safety_player_id	Null	Unique identifier for the player who scored a safety.
safety_player_name	Null	String name for the player who scored a safety.
blocked_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player that blocked the punt or FG.
blocked_player_name	String	String name for the player that blocked the punt or FG.
penalty_player_id	String	Unique identifier for the player with the penalty.
penalty_player_name	String	String name for the player with the penalty.
solo_tackle_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a solo tackle.
solo_tackle_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a solo tackle.
assist_tackle_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_3_player_id	Null	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_3_player_name	Null	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_3_team	Null	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_4_player_id	Null	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_4_player_name	Null	String name of one of the players with a tackle assist.
assist_tackle_4_team	Null	Team of one of the players with a tackle assist.
tackle_with_assist_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_2_player_id	Null	Unique identifier of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_2_player_name	Null	String name of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_with_assist_2_team	Null	Team of one of the players with a tackle with assist.
tackle_for_loss_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
tackle_for_loss_1_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
tackle_for_loss_2_player_id	Null	Unique identifier for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
tackle_for_loss_2_player_name	Null	String name for one of the potential players with the tackle for loss.
half_sack_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the first player who recorded half a sack.
half_sack_1_player_name	String	String name of the first player who recorded half a sack.
half_sack_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the second player who recorded half a sack.
half_sack_2_player_name	String	String name of the second player who recorded half a sack.
qb_hit_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
qb_hit_1_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
qb_hit_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
qb_hit_2_player_name	String	String name for one of the potential players that hit the QB. No sack as the QB was not the ball carrier. For sacks please see sack_player or half_sack_*_player.
pass_defense_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a pass defense.
pass_defense_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a pass defense.
pass_defense_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a pass defense.
pass_defense_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a pass defense.
forced_fumble_player_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_2_player_id	Null	Unique identifier of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_2_player_name	Null	String name of one of the players with a forced fumble.
forced_fumble_player_2_team	Null	Team of one of the players with a forced fumble.
fumbled_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the first player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the first player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_1_team	String	Team of one of the first player with a fumble.
fumbled_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of the second player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the second player who fumbled on the play.
fumbled_2_team	String	Team of one of the second player with a fumble.
fumble_recovery_1_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_1_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_1_team	String	Team of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_1_yards	Int64	Yards gained by one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_player_id	String	Unique identifier of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_player_name	String	String name of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_team	String	Team of one of the players with a fumble recovery.
fumble_recovery_2_yards	Int64	Yards gained by one of the players with a fumble recovery.
two_point_conv_result	String	String indicator for result of two point conversion attempt: success, failure, safety (touchback in defensive endzone is 1 point apparently), or return.
extra_point_result	String	String indicator for the result of the extra point attempt: good, failed, blocked, safety (touchback in defensive endzone is 1 point apparently), or aborted.
special	Int64	Binary indicator if "play_type" is one of "extra_point", "field_goal", "kickoff", or "punt".
pass_length	String	String indicator for pass length: short or deep.
pass_location	String	String indicator for pass location: left, middle, or right.
qb_kneel	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB took a knee.
qb_spike	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB spiked the ball.
qb_scramble	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB scrambled.
shotgun	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not the play was in shotgun formation.
no_huddle	Int64	Binary indicator for whether or not the play was in no_huddle formation.
run_location	String	String indicator for location of run: left, middle, or right.
run_gap	String	String indicator for line gap of run: end, guard, or tackle
pass	Int64	Binary indicator if the play was a pass play (sacks and scrambles included).
rush	Int64	Binary indicator if the play was a rushing play.
qb_dropback	Int32	Binary indicator for whether or not the QB dropped back on the play (pass attempt, sack, or scrambled).
posteam_score	Int64	Score the posteam at the start of the play.
defteam_score	Int64	Score the defteam at the start of the play.
score_differential	Int64	Score differential between the posteam and defteam at the start of the play.
posteam_timeouts_remaining	Int64	Number of timeouts remaining for the possession team.
defteam_timeouts_remaining	Int64	Number of timeouts remaining for the team on defense.
roof	Null	One of 'dome', 'outdoors', 'closed', 'open' indicating indicating the roof status of the stadium the game was played in. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
spread_line	Float64	The closing spread line for the game. A positive number means the home team was favored by that many points, a negative number means the away team was favored by that many points. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
total_line	Float64	The closing total line for the game. (Source: Pro-Football-Reference)
field_goal_result	String	String indicator for result of field goal attempt: made, missed, or blocked.
home_score	Int64	The number of points the home team scored. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played.
away_score	Int64	The number of points the away team scored. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played.
result	Int64	The number of points the home team scored minus the number of points the visiting team scored. Equals h_score - v_score. Is NA for games which haven't yet been played. Convenient for evaluating against the spread bets.
fixed_drive	Int64	Manually created drive number in a game.
fixed_drive_result	String	Manually created drive result.
drive_play_count	Int64	Numeric value of how many regular plays happened in a given drive.
drive_first_downs	Int64	Number of first downs in a given drive.
drive_inside20	Int64	Binary indicator if the offense was able to get inside the opponents 20 yard line.
drive_ended_with_score	Int64	Binary indicator the drive ended with a score.
drive_quarter_start	Int64	Numeric value indicating in which quarter the given drive has started.
drive_quarter_end	Int64	Numeric value indicating in which quarter the given drive has ended.
drive_yards_penalized	Int64	Numeric value of how many yards the offense gained or lost through penalties in the given drive.
drive_start_transition	String	String indicating how the offense got the ball.
drive_end_transition	String	String indicating how the offense lost the ball.
drive_game_clock_start	String	Game time at the beginning of a given drive.
drive_game_clock_end	String	Game time at the end of a given drive.
drive_start_yard_line	Int64	Yards from the offense's line of scrimmage to the opponent's end zone (yardline_100) on the drive's first play, 1-99; the model-pbp parquet stores the numeric spot, not the 'OWN 20' text load_nfl_pbp carries.
drive_end_yard_line	Int64	Yards from the offense's line of scrimmage to the opponent's end zone (yardline_100) on the drive's last play; the model-pbp parquet stores the numeric spot, not the 'OPP 45' text load_nfl_pbp carries.
drive_play_id_started	Int64	Play_id of the first play in the given drive.
drive_play_id_ended	Int64	Play_id of the last play in the given drive.
drive_time_of_possession	String	Time of possession in a given drive.
series	Int32	Starts at 1, each new first down increments, numbers shared across both teams NA: kickoffs, extra point/two point conversion attempts, non-plays, no posteam
series_result	String	Possible values: First down, Touchdown, Opp touchdown, Field goal, Missed field goal, Safety, Turnover, Punt, Turnover on downs, QB kneel, End of half
series_success	Int32	1: scored touchdown, gained enough yards for first down.
ep	Float64	Using the scoring event probabilities, the estimated expected points with respect to the possession team for the given play.
td_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring a TD next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
opp_td_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the defteam scoring a TD next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
fg_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring a FG next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
opp_fg_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the defteam scoring a FG next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
safety_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the posteam scoring a safety next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
opp_safety_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of the defteam scoring a safety next. 'Next' in this context means the next score in the same game half.
no_score_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of no score occurring for the rest of the half based on the expected points model.
epa	Float64	Expected points added (EPA) by the posteam for the given play.
total_home_epa	Float64	Cumulative total EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_epa	Float64	Cumulative total EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_rush_epa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_rush_epa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_pass_epa	Float64	Cumulative total passing EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_pass_epa	Float64	Cumulative total passing EPA for the away team in the game so far.
qb_epa	Float64	Gives QB credit for EPA for up to the point where a receiver lost a fumble after a completed catch and makes EPA work more like passing yards on plays with fumbles.
air_epa	Float64	EPA from the air yards alone. For completions this represents the actual value provided through the air. For incompletions this represents the hypothetical value that could've been added through the air if the pass was completed.
yac_epa	Float64	EPA from the yards after catch alone. For completions this represents the actual value provided after the catch. For incompletions this represents the difference between the hypothetical air_epa and the play's raw observed EPA (how much the incomplete pass cost the posteam).
comp_air_epa	Float64	EPA from the air yards alone only for completions.
comp_yac_epa	Float64	EPA from the yards after catch alone only for completions.
total_home_comp_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_comp_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_air_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air EPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac EPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_yac_epa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac EPA for the away team in the game so far.
receive_2h_ko	Int32	Binary indicator (1/0) that the play is in the first half and the possession team is the team receiving the second-half kickoff (the game's opening defense); mirrors nflfastR helper_add_ep_wp.R.
posteam_spread	Float64	Vegas point spread from the possession team's perspective (spread_line when the posteam is home, negated when it is away).
elapsed_share	Float64	Share of regulation elapsed at the start of the play, (3600 - game_seconds_remaining) / 3600, clipped to [0, 1].
spread_time	Float64	WP-model feature: posteam_spread decayed by elapsed time, posteam_spread * exp(SPREAD_TIME_DECAY_EXPONENT * elapsed_share); set to 0 when no spread is available (use the naive WP model instead).
Diff_Time_Ratio	Float64	WP-model feature: score_differential inflated by elapsed time, score_differential / exp(SPREAD_TIME_DECAY_EXPONENT * elapsed_share).
wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the posteam given the current situation at the start of the given play.
vegas_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the posteam given the current situation at the start of the given play, incorporating pre-game Vegas line.
home_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the home team.
away_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the away team.
def_wp	Float64	Estimated win probability for the defteam.
vegas_home_wpa	Float64	Win probability added (WPA) for the home team: spread_adjusted model.
vegas_wpa	Float64	Win probability added (WPA) for the posteam: spread_adjusted model.
wpa	Float64	Win probability added (WPA) for the posteam.
total_home_rush_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_rush_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total rushing WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_pass_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total passing WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_pass_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total passing WPA for the away team in the game so far.
air_wpa	Float64	WPA through the air (same logic as air_epa).
yac_wpa	Float64	WPA from yards after the catch (same logic as yac_epa).
comp_air_wpa	Float64	The air_wpa for completions only.
comp_yac_wpa	Float64	The yac_wpa for completions only.
total_home_comp_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions air WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_comp_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_comp_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total completions yac WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_air_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw air WPA for the away team in the game so far.
total_home_raw_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac WPA for the home team in the game so far.
total_away_raw_yac_wpa	Float64	Cumulative total raw yac WPA for the away team in the game so far.
cp	Float64	Numeric value indicating the probability for a complete pass based on comparable game situations.
cpoe	Float64	For a single pass play this is 1 - cp when the pass was completed or 0 - cp when the pass was incomplete. Analyzed for a whole game or season an indicator for the passer how much over or under expectation his completion percentage was.
xpass	Float64	Probability of dropback scaled from 0 to 1.
pass_oe	Float64	Dropback percent over expected on a given play scaled from 0 to 100.
xyac_epa	Float64	Expected value of EPA gained after the catch, starting from where the catch was made. Zero yards after the catch would be listed as zero EPA.
xyac_mean_yardage	Float64	Average expected yards after the catch based on where the ball was caught.
xyac_median_yardage	Float64	Median expected yards after the catch based on where the ball was caught.
xyac_success	Float64	Probability play earns positive EPA (relative to where play started) based on where ball was caught.
xyac_fd	Float64	Probability play earns a first down based on where the ball was caught.
qbr_epa	Float64	EPA input used by the QBR calculation for the play (clipped at -5).
weight	Float64	Official weight, in pounds
non_fumble_sack	Boolean	Whether the play was a sack that did not involve a fumble.
sack_epa	Float64	EPA credited to the play's sack component (clipped at -5).
pass_epa	Float64	EPA credited to the play's passing component (clipped at -5).
rush_epa	Float64	EPA credited to the play's rushing component (clipped at -5).
pen_epa	Float64	EPA credited to the play's penalty component (clipped at -5).
sack_weight	Float64	Weight applied to the paired EPA term when aggregating (observed 0.6, 0.9, 1.0).
pass_weight	Float64	Weight applied to the paired EPA term when aggregating (observed 0.6, 0.9, 1.0).
rush_weight	Float64	Weight applied to the paired EPA term when aggregating (observed 0.6, 0.9, 1.0).
pen_weight	Float64	Weight applied to the paired EPA term when aggregating (observed 0.6, 0.9, 1.0).
action_play	Boolean	Whether the row is an action play -- a live-ball play rather than a timeout, penalty-only or administrative row.
home_opening_kickoff	Float64	1 if the home team received the opening kickoff, 0 otherwise.
go_wp	Float64	Probability-weighted win probability of going for it on fourth down, first_down_prob * wp_succeed + (1 - first_down_prob) * wp_fail.
first_down_prob	Float32	Modeled probability of converting the fourth down if the offense goes for it.
wp_succeed	Float64	Mean win probability across the conversion outcomes, i.e. the WP conditional on converting the fourth down.
wp_fail	Float64	Mean win probability across the failure outcomes, i.e. the WP conditional on failing to convert.
fg_make_prob	Float64	Predicted probability of making the field goal (cfbfastR FG model, 0-1).
make_fg_wp	Float64	Win probability conditional on the field-goal attempt being good.
miss_fg_wp	Float64	Win probability conditional on the field-goal attempt being missed (opponent takes over at the spot).
fg_wp	Float64	Probability-weighted win probability of attempting the field goal, from the kicking team's perspective.
punt_wp	Float64	Probability-weighted win probability of punting, integrated over the modeled punt-landing distribution.
go_boost	Float64	nfl4th's headline number: 100 * (go_wp - max(fg_wp, punt_wp)), in win-probability percentage points. Positive means going for it is the higher-WP choice.
go_wp_diff	Float64	go_wp minus the best available option's WP, in win-probability units. 0 when going for it is the recommendation and <= 0 otherwise.
punt_wp_diff	Float64	punt_wp minus the best available option's WP, in win-probability units. 0 when punting is the recommendation and <= 0 otherwise.
fg_wp_diff	Float64	fg_wp minus the best available option's WP, in win-probability units. 0 when kicking is the recommendation and <= 0 otherwise.
fourth_down_recommendation	String	The max-WP choice among go / punt / field_goal for the fourth-down state; null when the fourth-down or WP models are unavailable.

load_nfl_model_pbp(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_ratings_weekly

Release: nfl_ratings_weekly · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/nfl_ratings_weekly/nfl_ratings_weekly_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
team_id	String	ESPN team id.
adj_off_epa	Float64	Opponent-adjusted offensive EPA per play for the team as of this week.
adj_def_epa	Float64	Opponent-adjusted defensive EPA per play for the team as of this week (negative is better for the defense).
adj_st_epa	Float64	Opponent-adjusted special-teams EPA per play for the team as of this week.
adj_net	Float64	Opponent-adjusted net EPA per play -- the team's offensive rating less its defensive rating.
games	Int64	Games the team played in the fitted window: those with a gameday strictly before as_of_week's first kickoff, the only games the rating for that week saw.
off_rank	Int64	Team's rank (1-32) on adjusted offensive EPA as of this week.
def_rank	Int64	Team's rank (1-32) on adjusted defensive EPA as of this week.
net_rank	Int64	Team's rank (1-32) on adjusted net EPA as of this week.
net_z	Float64	Adjusted net rating expressed as a z-score across the league that week.
as_of_week	Int32	Week through which the rating was computed; the row is the team's standing at that point in the season.

load_nfl_ratings_weekly(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_ngs

Release: nfl_ngs_passing · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/nfl_ngs_passing/ngs_passing_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
season_type	String	REG or POST indicating if the timeframe belongs to regular or post season.
week	Int64	Season week.
scope	String	Aggregation scope of the row -- "season" for the season-to-date aggregate (always week 0) or "week" for a single week's statboard (week 0 is preseason week 0).
threshold	Int64	Minimum-attempts qualifying threshold NGS applied to the statboard the row came from (differs between weekly and season scopes).
games_played	Int64	Games played.
player_name	String	Full name of player
position	String	Primary position as reported by NFL.com
team_id	String	ESPN team id.
player_gsis_id	String	Unique identifier of the player
player_display_name	String	Full name of the player
player_short_name	String	Short version of player's name
player_esb_id	String	NFL Elias Sports Bureau (ESB) player id, a letter-digit key such as "MAH047439" shared across NFL data products.
player_position_group	String	Roster position group the player is listed under (e.g. "QB", "WR", "RB").
player_position	String	Position of the player accordinng to NGS
player_jersey_number	Int64	Player's jersey number
player_current_team_id	String	Player's current team identifier.
player_season	Int64	Season the embedded player record was resolved against; mirrors season.
player_gsis_it_id	Int64	Integer NFL GSIS "IT" player id used by the league's internal tracking systems; a second id alongside the string player_gsis_id.
player_smart_id	String	NFL "smart id", a UUID-style player identifier shared across NFL data products.
player_first_name	String	Player's first name
player_last_name	String	Player's last name
player_football_name	String	Name the player goes by on the field and in broadcasts (e.g. "Patrick"), which can differ from the legal first name.
player_ngs_position	String	Position as classified by the Next Gen Stats tracking model, which can differ from the roster position.
player_ngs_position_group	String	Position group the Next Gen Stats tracking model assigns the player to (e.g. "QB", "WR").
player_uniform_number	String	Jersey number as the zero-padded string NGS lists it (e.g. "07").
player_status	String	Roster status code of the player at capture time (e.g. "ACT" active, "RES" reserve, "CUT", "DEV" practice squad).
player_headshot	String	URL to the player headshot image.
attempts	Int64	The number of pass attempts as defined by the NFL.
completions	Int64	The number of completed passes.
interceptions	Int64	The number of interceptions thrown.
completion_percentage	Float64	Percentage of completed passes
expected_completion_percentage	Float64	Using a passer's Completion Probability on every play, determine what a passer's completion percentage is expected to be.
completion_percentage_above_expectation	Float64	A passer's actual completion percentage compared to their Expected Completion Percentage.
pass_yards	Int64	Number of yards gained on pass plays
pass_touchdowns	Int64	Number of touchdowns scored on pass plays
passer_rating	Float64	Overall NFL passer rating
avg_time_to_throw	Float64	Average time elapsed from the time of snap to throw on every pass attempt for a passer (sacks excluded).
avg_intended_air_yards	Float64	Average air yards on all attempted passes
avg_completed_air_yards	Float64	Average air yards on completed passes
avg_air_yards_differential	Float64	Air Yards Differential is calculated by subtracting the passer's average Intended Air Yards from his average Completed Air Yards. This stat indicates if he is on average attempting deep passes than he on average completes.
avg_air_distance	Float64	A receiver's average depth of target
max_air_distance	Float64	A receiver's maximum depth of target
max_completed_air_distance	Float64	Air Distance is the amount of yards the ball has traveled on a pass, from the point of release to the point of reception (as the crow flies). Unlike Air Yards, Air Distance measures the actual distance the passer throws the ball.
avg_air_yards_to_sticks	Float64	Air Yards to the Sticks shows the amount of Air Yards ahead or behind the first down marker on all attempts for a passer. The metric indicates if the passer is attempting his passes past the 1st down marker, or if he is relying on his skill position players to make yards after catch.
aggressiveness	Float64	Aggressiveness tracks the amount of passing attempts a quarterback makes that are into tight coverage, where there is a defender within 1 yard or less of the receiver at the time of completion or incompletion. AGG is shown as a % of attempts into tight windows over all passing attempts.
player_season_type	String	Season type (PRE, REG, POST) of the embedded player record; mirrors season_type.
player_week	Int64	Week of the embedded player record; mirrors week.

load_nfl_ngs(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_rosters

Release: rosters · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/rosters/roster_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int32	NFL season (year) the roster entry applies to.
team	String	Team abbreviation in the nflverse standard (relocations folded, e.g. 'OAK' -> 'LV', 'SD' -> 'LAC', 'STL' -> 'LA').
position	String	Position the player is listed at on the roster (e.g. 'QB', 'WR', 'CB').
depth_chart_position	String	Fine-grained depth-chart position label, which may differ from the broader position group.
jersey_number	Int32	Uniform (jersey) number the player wears.
status	String	Roster status code for the player (e.g. 'ACT' active, 'INA' inactive, 'RES' reserve/injured).
full_name	String	Player's full display name.
first_name	String	Player's first (given) name.
last_name	String	Player's last (family) name.
birth_date	Date	Player's date of birth (YYYY-MM-DD).
height	Int32	Player's height in inches.
weight	Int32	Player's listed weight in pounds.
college	String	College or university the player attended.
gsis_id	String	NFL GSIS player identifier — the canonical nflverse player key used to join across datasets.
espn_id	String	ESPN player identifier for cross-system joins.
sportradar_id	String	Sportradar player identifier for cross-system joins.
yahoo_id	String	Yahoo Sports player identifier for cross-system joins.
rotowire_id	String	RotoWire player identifier for cross-system joins.
pff_id	String	Pro Football Focus (PFF) player identifier for cross-system joins.
pfr_id	String	Pro Football Reference (PFR) player identifier for cross-system joins.
fantasy_data_id	String	FantasyData player identifier for cross-system joins.
sleeper_id	String	Sleeper player identifier for cross-system joins.
years_exp	Int32	Number of accrued NFL seasons of experience for the player.
headshot_url	String	URL of the player's headshot image.
ngs_position	String	Player's position as classified by NFL Next Gen Stats.
week	Int32	Week of the season the roster snapshot applies to (weekly rosters only).
game_type	String	Type of game the roster snapshot applies to (e.g. 'REG', 'POST').
status_description_abbr	String	Abbreviated roster status description code from the source feed.
football_name	String	Player's preferred football (commonly used) first name.
esb_id	String	Elias Sports Bureau (ESB) player identifier used for official NFL record-keeping.
gsis_it_id	String	NFL GSIS internal tracking identifier for the player.
smart_id	String	NFL SMART player identifier (GUID) used across modern NFL data feeds.
entry_year	Int32	Calendar year the player first entered the NFL.
rookie_year	Int32	Calendar year of the player's rookie season.
draft_club	String	Team abbreviation of the club that drafted the player.
draft_number	Int32	Overall pick number at which the player was selected in the NFL draft.

load_nfl_rosters(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_weekly_rosters

Release: weekly_rosters · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/weekly_rosters/roster_weekly_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int32	NFL season (year) the weekly roster snapshot applies to.
team	String	Team abbreviation in the nflverse standard (relocations folded, e.g. 'OAK' -> 'LV', 'SD' -> 'LAC', 'STL' -> 'LA').
position	String	Position the player is listed at on the roster (e.g. 'QB', 'WR', 'CB').
depth_chart_position	String	Fine-grained depth-chart position label, which may differ from the broader position group.
jersey_number	Int32	Uniform (jersey) number the player wears.
status	String	Roster status code for the player (e.g. 'ACT' active, 'INA' inactive, 'RES' reserve/injured).
full_name	String	Player's full display name.
first_name	String	Player's first (given) name.
last_name	String	Player's last (family) name.
birth_date	Date	Player's date of birth (YYYY-MM-DD).
height	Int32	Player's height in inches.
weight	Int32	Player's listed weight in pounds.
college	String	College or university the player attended.
gsis_id	String	NFL GSIS player identifier — the canonical nflverse player key used to join across datasets.
espn_id	String	ESPN player identifier for cross-system joins.
sportradar_id	String	Sportradar player identifier for cross-system joins.
yahoo_id	String	Yahoo Sports player identifier for cross-system joins.
rotowire_id	String	RotoWire player identifier for cross-system joins.
pff_id	String	Pro Football Focus (PFF) player identifier for cross-system joins.
pfr_id	String	Pro Football Reference (PFR) player identifier for cross-system joins.
fantasy_data_id	String	FantasyData player identifier for cross-system joins.
sleeper_id	String	Sleeper player identifier for cross-system joins.
years_exp	Int32	Number of accrued NFL seasons of experience for the player.
headshot_url	String	URL of the player's headshot image.
ngs_position	String	Player's position as classified by NFL Next Gen Stats.
week	Int32	Week of the season the weekly roster snapshot applies to.
game_type	String	Type of game the weekly roster snapshot applies to (e.g. 'REG', 'POST').
status_description_abbr	String	Abbreviated roster status description code from the source feed.
football_name	String	Player's preferred football (commonly used) first name.
esb_id	String	Elias Sports Bureau (ESB) player identifier used for official NFL record-keeping.
gsis_it_id	String	NFL GSIS internal tracking identifier for the player.
smart_id	String	NFL SMART player identifier (GUID) used across modern NFL data feeds.
entry_year	Int32	Calendar year the player first entered the NFL.
rookie_year	Int32	Calendar year of the player's rookie season.
draft_club	String	Team abbreviation of the club that drafted the player.
draft_number	Int32	Overall pick number at which the player was selected in the NFL draft.

load_nfl_weekly_rosters(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_depth_charts

Release: depth_charts · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/depth_charts/depth_charts_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
dt	String	The timestamp (ISO8601-formatted text) indicating when the data record was loaded. Can be used to assign the data set to a specific point in time during the season.
team	String	NFL team. Uses official abbreviations as per NFL.com
player_name	String	Full name of player
espn_id	String	ESPN ID - usual format is an integer with ~5 digits
gsis_id	String	Game Stats and Info Service ID: the primary ID for play-by-play data.
pos_grp_id	String	Player position group identifier
pos_grp	String	Player position group: formation of offense, defense, or special teams
pos_id	String	Player position identifier
pos_name	String	Player position name
pos_abb	String	Player position abbreviation
pos_slot	Int32	A number assigned to each position in a formation
pos_rank	Int32	Player's rank on depth chart grouped by pos_slot

load_nfl_depth_charts(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_injuries

Release: injuries · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/injuries/injuries_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int32	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
season_type	String	REG or POST indicating if the timeframe belongs to regular or post season.
game_type	String	The most recent game type of that season that a player appeared on the roster.
team	String	NFL team. Uses official abbreviations as per NFL.com
week	Int32	Season week.
gsis_id	String	Game Stats and Info Service ID: the primary ID for play-by-play data.
position	String	Primary position as reported by NFL.com
full_name	String	Full name as per NFL.com
first_name	String	First name of player
last_name	String	Last name of player
report_primary_injury	String	Primary injury listed on official injury report
report_status	String	Player's status for game on official injury report
practice_primary_injury	String	Primary injury listed on practice injury report
practice_secondary_injury	String	Secondary injury listed on practice injury report
practice_status	String	Player's participation in practice

load_nfl_injuries(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_snap_counts

Release: snap_counts · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/snap_counts/snap_counts_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
game_id	String	Ten digit identifier for NFL game.
pfr_game_id	String	PFR game ID
season	Int32	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
game_type	String	The most recent game type of that season that a player appeared on the roster.
week	Int32	Season week.
player	String	Player name
pfr_player_id	String	ID from Pro Football Reference
position	String	Primary position as reported by NFL.com
team	String	NFL team. Uses official abbreviations as per NFL.com
opponent	String	Opposing team of player
offense_snaps	Float64	Number of snaps on offense
offense_pct	Float64	Percent of offensive snaps taken
defense_snaps	Float64	Number of snaps on defense
defense_pct	Float64	Percent of defensive snaps taken
st_snaps	Float64	Number of snaps on special teams
st_pct	Float64	Percent of special teams snaps taken

load_nfl_snap_counts(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_pbp_participation

Release: pbp_participation · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/pbp_participation/pbp_participation_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
nflverse_game_id	String	nflverse identifier for games. Format is season, week, away_team, home_team
old_game_id	String	Legacy NFL game ID.
play_id	Float64	Numeric play id that when used with game_id and drive provides the unique identifier for a single play.
possession_team	String	String abbreviation for the team with possession.
offense_formation	String	Formation the offense lines up in to snap the ball.
offense_personnel	String	The positions of the offensive personnel lined up on the field for a play.
defenders_in_box	Int32	Number of defensive players lined up in the box at the snap.
defense_personnel	String	The positions of the defensive personnel lined up on the field for a play.
number_of_pass_rushers	Int32	Number of defensive player who rushed the passer.
players_on_play	String	A list of every player on the field for the play, by gsis_id
offense_players	String	A list of every offensive player on the field for the play, by gsis_id
defense_players	String	A list of every defensive player on the field for the play, by gsis_id
n_offense	Int32	Number of offensive players on the field for the play
n_defense	Int32	Number of defensive players on the field for the play
ngs_air_yards	Float64	Legacy column. For 2023 and prior years, reflects the distance (in yards) that the ball traveled in the air on a given passing play as tracked by NGS. Is NA for 2024 on--we advise instead using the air_yards column from nflreadr::load_pbp() moving forward.
time_to_throw	Float64	Duration (in seconds) between the time of the ball being snapped and the time of release of a pass attempt
was_pressure	Boolean	A boolean indicating whether or not the QB was pressured on a play
route	String	A string indicating the route the primary receiver on a play took. Has the following possible values: "CORNER", "DEEP OUT", "GO", "HITCH/CURL", "IN/DIG", "POST", "QUICK OUT", "SCREEN", "SHALLOW CROSS/DRAG", "SLANT", "SWING", "TEXAS/ANGLE", "WHEEL".
defense_man_zone_type	String	A string indicating whether the defense was in man or zone coverage on a play
defense_coverage_type	String	A string indicating what type of cover the defense was in on a play. Has one of the following values: "COVER_0", "COVER_1", "COVER_2", "2_MAN", "COVER_3", "COVER_4", "COVER_6", "COVER_9", "COMBO", "BLOWN".
offense_names	String	A string listing all of the names of offensive players in the order of their gsis_ids in offense_players.
defense_names	String	A string listing all of the names of defensive players in the order of their gsis_ids in defense_players.
offense_positions	String	A string listing all of the positions of offensive players in the order of their gsis_ids in offense_players.
defense_positions	String	A string listing all of the positions of defensive players in the order of their gsis_ids in defense_players.
offense_numbers	String	A string listing all of the numbers of offensive players in the order of their gsis_ids in offense_players.
defense_numbers	String	A string listing all of the numbers of defensive players in the order of their gsis_ids in defense_players.

load_nfl_pbp_participation(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_ftn_charting

Release: ftn_charting · asset https://github.com/nflverse/nflverse-data/releases/download/ftn_charting/ftn_charting_{season}.parquet

Returns

col_name	type	description
ftn_game_id	Int32	FTN game ID
nflverse_game_id	String	nflverse identifier for games. Format is season, week, away_team, home_team
season	Int32	4 digit number indicating to which season(s) the specified timeframe belongs to.
week	Int32	Season week.
ftn_play_id	Int32	FTN play ID
nflverse_play_id	Int32	Play ID used by nflverse, corresponds to GSIS play ID
starting_hash	String	hash the ball was place(L = left, M = middle, R = right)
qb_location	String	pre-snap position of quarterback(U = under center, S = shotgun, P = pistol)
n_offense_backfield	Int32	number of players in the backfield at the snap
n_defense_box	Int32	Number of defenders aligned in the box at the time of the snap, as charted by FTN Data.
is_no_huddle	Boolean	no huddle
is_motion	Boolean	motion occurred on the play before or at the time of the snap
is_play_action	Boolean	play-action pass
is_screen_pass	Boolean	screen pass
is_rpo	Boolean	play is considered run-pass option
is_trick_play	Boolean	trick play
is_qb_out_of_pocket	Boolean	quarterback moved out of pocket
is_interception_worthy	Boolean	interception worthy pass
is_throw_away	Boolean	quarterback thrown away
read_thrown	String	read the ball was thrown
is_catchable_ball	Boolean	catchable ball(defined by throws that are generally on target that are not defended away)
is_contested_ball	Boolean	contested ball(defined by whether or not the receiver is facing physical contact at the time of the catch)
is_created_reception	Boolean	created reception(defined by a reception that only occurs due to an exceptional play by the receiver)
is_drop	Boolean	receiver drop
is_qb_sneak	Boolean	quarterback sneak
n_blitzers	Int32	number of blitzers
n_pass_rushers	Int32	number of pass rushers
is_qb_fault_sack	Boolean	sack that is the fault of the quarterback
date_pulled	Datetime(time_unit='us', time_zone='UTC')	Date the data was retrieved from the FTN Data API by nflverse jobs

load_nfl_ftn_charting(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_players

Release: espn_nfl_usage_players · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_players/usage_players_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage 2005 has no asset: ESPN's 2005 NFL feed carries no play text, so no usage rows exist for it. position_group is null before 2014, when the feed starts carrying participant positions. A season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the possession team (offense); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the possession team (offense), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
player_id	String	ESPN athlete id of the player, as a string; null when the play-by-play named the player without an id (the row is then keyed on the name).
player_name	String	Player display name, as carried on the play-by-play participants.
position_group	String	Position group of the player (QB, RB, WR, TE, OL, DL, LB, DB, K, P, ...) resolved from the play participants' ESPN position ids; null when no participant row carried a position for the player.
rushes	Int64	Rushing attempts on which the player was the rusher, on standing scrimmage plays (plays nullified by penalty are excluded).
targets	Int64	Pass targets on which the player was the receiver, complete or not, on standing scrimmage plays.
receptions	Int64	Targets the player caught (completed passes).
touches	Int64	Rushes plus receptions.
opportunities	Int64	Rushes plus targets -- the denominator of the per-opportunity rates.
rush_yards	Float64	Yards gained on the player's rushes (yds_rushed, falling back to the play's statYardage).
receiving_yards	Float64	Yards gained on the player's receptions (yds_receiving, falling back to statYardage); an incomplete target adds 0.
first_downs	Int64	Rushes and targets of the player that created a first down (first_down_created).
touchdowns	Int64	Rushes and targets of the player that scored a touchdown.
fd_or_td	Int64	Rushes and targets of the player that produced a first down or a touchdown (a play counts once even when both flags are set).
explosive_plays	Int64	Rushes and targets of the player flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
successful_plays	Int64	Rushes and targets of the player flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the player's rushes and targets.
rz_rushes	Int64	Rushes by the player snapped in the red zone (rz_play: 20 or fewer yards to the end zone at the snap).
rz_targets	Int64	Targets of the player snapped in the red zone.
rz_touches	Int64	Touches (rushes plus receptions) by the player snapped in the red zone.
rz_touchdowns	Int64	Red-zone rushes and targets of the player that scored a touchdown.
so_rushes	Int64	Rushes by the player snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (scoring_opp: 40 or fewer yards to the end zone at the snap).
so_targets	Int64	Targets of the player snapped in scoring-opportunity territory.
so_touches	Int64	Touches (rushes plus receptions) by the player snapped in scoring-opportunity territory.
so_touchdowns	Int64	Scoring-opportunity rushes and targets of the player that scored a touchdown.
third_down_opportunities	Int64	Rushes and targets of the player that came on third down.
third_down_conversions	Int64	Third-down rushes and targets of the player that converted (a first down or a touchdown).
third_down_expected	Float64	Expected third-down conversions for the player: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down opportunities; null when no curve was available.
team_targets	Int64	The team's targets over the same games, counting every standing scrimmage target whether or not a receiver was attributed -- the denominator of target_share.
team_first_downs	Int64	The team's first downs created on standing scrimmage plays over the same games -- the denominator of first_down_share.
team_touches	Int64	The team's rushes plus completions over the same games -- the denominator of touch_share.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
fd_td_rate	Float64	fd_or_td / opportunities: the share of opportunities that produced a first down or a touchdown; null with no opportunities.
explosive_rate	Float64	explosive_plays / opportunities; null with no opportunities.
success_rate	Float64	successful_plays / opportunities; null with no opportunities.
epa_per_opportunity	Float64	epa / opportunities; null with no opportunities.
rz_touchdown_rate	Float64	rz_touchdowns / rz_touches; null with no red-zone touches.
so_touchdown_rate	Float64	so_touchdowns / so_touches; null with no scoring-opportunity touches.
third_down_rate	Float64	third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities; null with no third downs.
third_down_over_expected	Float64	third_down_conversions minus third_down_expected: conversions above the distance-adjusted expectation; null when no curve was available.
target_share	Float64	targets / team_targets: the player's share of the team's targets over the same games.
first_down_share	Float64	first_downs / team_first_downs: the player's share of the team's first downs.
touch_share	Float64	touches / team_touches: the player's share of the team's touches.

load_nfl_usage_players(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_position_groups

Release: espn_nfl_usage_position_groups · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_position_groups/usage_position_groups_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Built from ESPN play participants, which the NFL feed carries from 2014; earlier seasons have no asset (NoDataError). :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the possession team (offense); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the possession team (offense), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
position_group	String	Position group of the player (QB, RB, WR, TE, OL, DL, LB, DB, K, P, ...) resolved from the play participants' ESPN position ids; null when no participant row carried a position for the player.
rushes	Int64	Rushing attempts on which the position group was the rusher, on standing scrimmage plays (plays nullified by penalty are excluded).
targets	Int64	Pass targets on which the position group was the receiver, complete or not, on standing scrimmage plays.
receptions	Int64	Targets the position group caught (completed passes).
touches	Int64	Rushes plus receptions.
opportunities	Int64	Rushes plus targets -- the denominator of the per-opportunity rates.
rush_yards	Float64	Yards gained on the position group's rushes (yds_rushed, falling back to the play's statYardage).
receiving_yards	Float64	Yards gained on the position group's receptions (yds_receiving, falling back to statYardage); an incomplete target adds 0.
first_downs	Int64	Rushes and targets of the position group that created a first down (first_down_created).
touchdowns	Int64	Rushes and targets of the position group that scored a touchdown.
fd_or_td	Int64	Rushes and targets of the position group that produced a first down or a touchdown (a play counts once even when both flags are set).
explosive_plays	Int64	Rushes and targets of the position group flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
successful_plays	Int64	Rushes and targets of the position group flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the position group's rushes and targets.
rz_rushes	Int64	Rushes by the position group snapped in the red zone (rz_play: 20 or fewer yards to the end zone at the snap).
rz_targets	Int64	Targets of the position group snapped in the red zone.
rz_touches	Int64	Touches (rushes plus receptions) by the position group snapped in the red zone.
rz_touchdowns	Int64	Red-zone rushes and targets of the position group that scored a touchdown.
so_rushes	Int64	Rushes by the position group snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (scoring_opp: 40 or fewer yards to the end zone at the snap).
so_targets	Int64	Targets of the position group snapped in scoring-opportunity territory.
so_touches	Int64	Touches (rushes plus receptions) by the position group snapped in scoring-opportunity territory.
so_touchdowns	Int64	Scoring-opportunity rushes and targets of the position group that scored a touchdown.
third_down_opportunities	Int64	Rushes and targets of the position group that came on third down.
third_down_conversions	Int64	Third-down rushes and targets of the position group that converted (a first down or a touchdown).
third_down_expected	Float64	Expected third-down conversions for the position group: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down opportunities; null when no curve was available.
team_targets	Int64	The team's targets over the same games, counting every standing scrimmage target whether or not a receiver was attributed -- the denominator of target_share.
team_first_downs	Int64	The team's first downs created on standing scrimmage plays over the same games -- the denominator of first_down_share.
team_touches	Int64	The team's rushes plus completions over the same games -- the denominator of touch_share.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
fd_td_rate	Float64	fd_or_td / opportunities: the share of opportunities that produced a first down or a touchdown; null with no opportunities.
explosive_rate	Float64	explosive_plays / opportunities; null with no opportunities.
success_rate	Float64	successful_plays / opportunities; null with no opportunities.
epa_per_opportunity	Float64	epa / opportunities; null with no opportunities.
rz_touchdown_rate	Float64	rz_touchdowns / rz_touches; null with no red-zone touches.
so_touchdown_rate	Float64	so_touchdowns / so_touches; null with no scoring-opportunity touches.
third_down_rate	Float64	third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities; null with no third downs.
third_down_over_expected	Float64	third_down_conversions minus third_down_expected: conversions above the distance-adjusted expectation; null when no curve was available.
target_share	Float64	targets / team_targets: the position group's share of the team's targets over the same games.
first_down_share	Float64	first_downs / team_first_downs: the position group's share of the team's first downs.
touch_share	Float64	touches / team_touches: the position group's share of the team's touches.

load_nfl_usage_position_groups(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_tackles

Release: espn_nfl_usage_tackles · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_tackles/usage_tackles_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Built from ESPN play participants (tackler / assist ids), which the NFL feed carries from 2014; earlier seasons have no asset (NoDataError). :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
def_pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the defense the row belongs to; joins to the ESPN teams dataset on team_id.
def_pos_team	String	Display name of the defending team, as carried on the released play-by-play.
player_id	String	ESPN athlete id of the player, as a string; null when the play-by-play named the player without an id (the row is then keyed on the name).
player_name	String	Player display name, as carried on the play-by-play participants.
position_group	String	Position group of the player (QB, RB, WR, TE, OL, DL, LB, DB, K, P, ...) resolved from the play participants' ESPN position ids; null when no participant row carried a position for the player.
tackles	Int64	Solo tackles credited to the player in the play participants (tackler_player_ids).
assists	Int64	Assisted tackles credited to the player in the play participants (assisted_by_player_ids).
tackle_points	Float64	tackles plus 0.5 times assists.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
team_tackle_points	Float64	tackle_points summed over every player on the defense for the season -- the denominator of tackle_share.
tackle_share	Float64	tackle_points / team_tackle_points: the player's share of the defense's tackle points; null when the defense has none.

load_nfl_usage_tackles(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_position_group_tackles

Release: espn_nfl_usage_position_group_tackles · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_position_group_tackles/usage_position_group_tackles_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Built from ESPN play participants, which the NFL feed carries from 2014; earlier seasons have no asset (NoDataError). :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
def_pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the defense the row belongs to; joins to the ESPN teams dataset on team_id.
def_pos_team	String	Display name of the defending team, as carried on the released play-by-play.
position_group	String	Position group of the player (QB, RB, WR, TE, OL, DL, LB, DB, K, P, ...) resolved from the play participants' ESPN position ids; null when no participant row carried a position for the player.
tackles	Int64	Solo tackles credited to the position group in the play participants (tackler_player_ids).
assists	Int64	Assisted tackles credited to the position group in the play participants (assisted_by_player_ids).
tackle_points	Float64	tackles plus 0.5 times assists.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
team_tackle_points	Float64	tackle_points summed over every player on the defense for the season -- the denominator of tackle_share.
tackle_share	Float64	tackle_points / team_tackle_points: the position group's share of the defense's tackle points; null when the defense has none.

load_nfl_usage_position_group_tackles(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_teams

Release: espn_nfl_usage_teams · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_teams/usage_teams_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Published 2002-2026 (2005 is built from ESPN's play-text-less 2005 feed, so it is thin). A season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the possession team (offense); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the possession team (offense), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
plays	Int64	Standing scrimmage plays the offense ran (plays nullified by penalty are excluded).
rushes	Int64	Rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
targets	Int64	Pass plays with a targeted receiver (the target flag).
completions	Int64	Completed passes among the standing scrimmage plays.
first_downs	Int64	Scrimmage plays that created a first down (first_down_created).
touchdowns	Int64	Scrimmage plays that scored a touchdown.
explosive_plays	Int64	Scrimmage plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
successful_plays	Int64	Scrimmage plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
third_down_opportunities	Int64	Third-down scrimmage plays with a known distance.
third_down_conversions	Int64	Third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
third_down_expected	Float64	Expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
rz_plays	Int64	Scrimmage plays snapped in the red zone (rz_play: 20 or fewer yards to the end zone at the snap).
rz_successes	Int64	Red-zone plays flagged EPA_success.
rz_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the red-zone plays.
rz_touchdowns	Int64	Red-zone plays that scored a touchdown.
rz_targets	Int64	Red-zone pass plays with a targeted receiver.
rz_rushes	Int64	Red-zone rushing plays.
rz_trips	Int64	Drives with at least one red-zone play.
rz_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives that reached the red zone.
so_plays	Int64	Scrimmage plays snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (scoring_opp: 40 or fewer yards to the end zone at the snap).
so_successes	Int64	Scoring-opportunity plays flagged EPA_success.
so_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the scoring-opportunity plays.
so_touchdowns	Int64	Scoring-opportunity plays that scored a touchdown.
so_targets	Int64	Scoring-opportunity pass plays with a targeted receiver.
so_rushes	Int64	Scoring-opportunity rushing plays.
so_trips	Int64	Drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (the opponent's 40).
so_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives that reached the opponent's 40.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
success_rate	Float64	successful_plays / plays; null with no plays.
explosive_rate	Float64	explosive_plays / plays; null with no plays.
epa_per_play	Float64	epa / plays; null with no plays.
third_down_rate	Float64	third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities; null with no third downs.
third_down_over_expected	Float64	third_down_conversions minus third_down_expected: conversions above the distance-adjusted expectation; null when no curve was available.
rz_touchdown_rate	Float64	rz_touchdowns / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip; null with no trips.
rz_points_per_trip	Float64	rz_points / rz_trips; null with no trips.
rz_success_rate	Float64	rz_successes / rz_plays; null with no red-zone plays.
rz_epa_per_play	Float64	rz_epa / rz_plays; null with no red-zone plays.
so_touchdown_rate	Float64	so_touchdowns / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip; null with no trips.
so_points_per_trip	Float64	so_points / so_trips; null with no trips.
so_success_rate	Float64	so_successes / so_plays; null with no scoring-opportunity plays.
so_epa_per_play	Float64	so_epa / so_plays; null with no scoring-opportunity plays.

load_nfl_usage_teams(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_drive_scripting

Release: espn_nfl_usage_drive_scripting · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_drive_scripting/usage_drive_scripting_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Published 2002-2026 (2005 is thin: ESPN's 2005 feed carries no play text). A season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the possession team (offense); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the possession team (offense), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
script	String	"scripted" for the offense's first two drives of each half, "non_scripted" for every other drive.
drives	Int64	Drives of this script type (distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play).
plays	Int64	Standing scrimmage plays on those drives.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over those drives.
successes	Int64	Plays flagged EPA_success on those drives.
yards	Float64	statYardage summed over the plays on those drives.
points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over those drives.
touchdowns	Int64	Drives that included a touchdown play.
scoring_opps	Int64	Drives that reached scoring-opportunity territory (a play snapped 40 or fewer yards from the end zone).
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
epa_per_play	Float64	epa / plays; null with no plays.
success_rate	Float64	successes / plays; null with no plays.
yards_per_play	Float64	yards / plays; null with no plays.
points_per_drive	Float64	points / drives; null with no drives.
touchdown_rate	Float64	touchdowns / drives: the share of drives that scored a touchdown; null with no drives.
scoring_opp_rate	Float64	scoring_opps / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40; null with no drives.

load_nfl_usage_drive_scripting(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_st_kickers

Release: espn_nfl_usage_st_kickers · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_st_kickers/usage_st_kickers_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage No asset for 2005-2007 (2005 has no play text upstream); a season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the kicking team (the kicker's own team); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the kicking team (the kicker's own team), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
player_id	String	ESPN athlete id of the player, as a string; null when the play-by-play named the player without an id (the row is then keyed on the name).
player_name	String	Player display name, as carried on the play-by-play participants.
kickoffs	Int64	Kickoffs by the kicker that stood (kicks nullified by penalty are excluded).
kickoff_yards	Float64	Kickoff distance summed over the kickoffs (yds_kickoff).
kickoff_touchbacks	Int64	Kickoffs that resulted in a touchback.
kickoff_onside	Int64	Onside kicks attempted by the kicker.
kickoff_out_of_bounds	Int64	Kickoffs that went out of bounds.
kickoff_returns_allowed	Int64	Kickoffs that were returned: not a touchback, onside, out of bounds or fair catch, and with a named returner.
kickoff_return_yards_allowed	Float64	Return yards allowed on the returned kickoffs.
kickoff_return_tds_allowed	Int64	Returned kickoffs that were taken back for a touchdown.
kickoff_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the kickoffs from the kicking side (the play EPA negated, because the receiving team is the possession team on a kickoff).
fg_attempts	Int64	Field-goal attempts by the kicker that stood (attempts nullified by penalty are excluded).
fg_made	Int64	Field goals made by the kicker.
fg_blocked	Int64	Field-goal attempts on which a blocker was credited.
fg_0_39_attempts	Int64	Field-goal attempts from under 40 yards.
fg_0_39_made	Int64	Field goals made from under 40 yards.
fg_40_49_attempts	Int64	Field-goal attempts from 40 to 49 yards.
fg_40_49_made	Int64	Field goals made from 40 to 49 yards.
fg_50_plus_attempts	Int64	Field-goal attempts from 50 yards or more.
fg_50_plus_made	Int64	Field goals made from 50 yards or more.
fg_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the field-goal attempts.
xp_attempts	Int64	Extra-point kick attempts by the kicker that stood.
xp_made	Int64	Extra-point kicks made by the kicker.
fg_long	Float64	Longest field goal made, in yards (a season maximum, not a sum).
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
kickoff_avg	Float64	kickoff_yards / kickoffs; null with no kickoffs.
kickoff_touchback_rate	Float64	kickoff_touchbacks / kickoffs; null with no kickoffs.
kickoff_return_avg_allowed	Float64	kickoff_return_yards_allowed / kickoff_returns_allowed; null with no returns allowed.
fg_pct	Float64	fg_made / fg_attempts; null with no attempts.
xp_pct	Float64	xp_made / xp_attempts; null with no attempts.

load_nfl_usage_st_kickers(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_st_punters

Release: espn_nfl_usage_st_punters · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_st_punters/usage_st_punters_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage No asset for 2005-2007 (2005 has no play text upstream); a season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the punting team (the punter's own team); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the punting team (the punter's own team), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
player_id	String	ESPN athlete id of the player, as a string; null when the play-by-play named the player without an id (the row is then keyed on the name).
player_name	String	Player display name, as carried on the play-by-play participants.
punts	Int64	Punts by the punter that stood (punts nullified by penalty are excluded).
punt_yards	Float64	Gross punt distance summed over the punts (yds_punted).
punt_touchbacks	Int64	Punts that resulted in a touchback.
punt_inside_20	Int64	Punts that landed inside the receiving team's 20: yards to the end zone at the snap minus punt distance between 0 and 20, touchbacks excluded.
punt_fair_catches	Int64	Punts that were fair caught.
punt_downed	Int64	Punts downed by the coverage team.
punt_out_of_bounds	Int64	Punts that went out of bounds.
punt_blocked	Int64	Punts by the punter that were blocked.
punt_returns_allowed	Int64	Punts that were returned: not a touchback, fair catch, downed, out of bounds or blocked, and with a named returner.
punt_return_yards_allowed	Float64	Return yards allowed on the returned punts.
punt_return_tds_allowed	Int64	Returned punts that were taken back for a touchdown.
punt_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the punts (the punting team is the possession team on a punt, so this already reads from the punter's side).
punt_long	Float64	Longest punt, in yards (a season maximum, not a sum).
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
punt_net_yards	Float64	punt_yards minus punt_return_yards_allowed minus 20 yards per touchback.
punt_avg	Float64	punt_yards / punts: gross punting average; null with no punts.
punt_net_avg	Float64	punt_net_yards / punts: net punting average; null with no punts.
punt_inside_20_rate	Float64	punt_inside_20 / punts; null with no punts.
punt_return_avg_allowed	Float64	punt_return_yards_allowed / punt_returns_allowed; null with no returns allowed.

load_nfl_usage_st_punters(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_st_returners

Release: espn_nfl_usage_st_returners · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_st_returners/usage_st_returners_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage No asset for 2005-2007 (2005 has no play text upstream); a season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the returning team (the returner's own team); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the returning team (the returner's own team), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
player_id	String	ESPN athlete id of the player, as a string; null when the play-by-play named the player without an id (the row is then keyed on the name).
player_name	String	Player display name, as carried on the play-by-play participants.
kick_returns	Int64	Kickoff returns by the returner (kickoffs that were neither a touchback, onside, out of bounds nor fair caught).
kick_return_yards	Float64	Kickoff return yards summed over the returns (yds_kickoff_return).
kick_return_tds	Int64	Kickoff returns that scored a touchdown.
kick_return_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the kickoff returns (the returning team is the possession team on a kickoff, so this reads from the returner's side).
punt_returns	Int64	Punt returns by the returner (punts that were neither a touchback, fair catch, downed, out of bounds nor blocked).
punt_return_yards	Float64	Punt return yards summed over the returns (yds_punt_return).
punt_return_tds	Int64	Punt returns that scored a touchdown.
punt_return_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the punt returns, negated so it reads from the return team's side (the punting team is the possession team on a punt).
kick_return_long	Float64	Longest kickoff return, in yards (a season maximum, not a sum).
punt_return_long	Float64	Longest punt return, in yards (a season maximum, not a sum).
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
kick_return_avg	Float64	kick_return_yards / kick_returns; null with no kickoff returns.
punt_return_avg	Float64	punt_return_yards / punt_returns; null with no punt returns.

load_nfl_usage_st_returners(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_st_blocks

Release: espn_nfl_usage_st_blocks · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_st_blocks/usage_st_blocks_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Published from 2007 (no block participants earlier); a season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
def_pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the team that made the block (the defense on the kick).
def_pos_team	String	Display name of the team that made the block (the defense on the kick).
player_id	String	ESPN athlete id of the player, as a string; null when the play-by-play named the player without an id (the row is then keyed on the name).
player_name	String	Player display name, as carried on the play-by-play participants.
punt_blocks	Int64	Punts the player blocked (credited as the punt_block_player on the play).
fg_blocks	Int64	Field-goal attempts the player blocked (credited as the fg_block_player on the play).
blocks	Int64	punt_blocks plus fg_blocks.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.

load_nfl_usage_st_blocks(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_usage_st_team

Release: espn_nfl_usage_st_team · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_usage_st_team/usage_st_team_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Published 2002-2026 (2005 is thin: ESPN's 2005 feed carries no play text). A season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the team (its own kicking, punting and returns, plus what it allowed); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the team (its own kicking, punting and returns, plus what it allowed), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
kickoffs	Int64	Kickoffs by the team that stood (kicks nullified by penalty are excluded).
kickoff_touchbacks	Int64	The team's kickoffs that resulted in a touchback.
kickoff_returns_allowed	Int64	Kickoffs that were returned: not a touchback, onside, out of bounds or fair catch, and with a named returner.
kickoff_return_yards_allowed	Float64	Return yards allowed on the team's returned kickoffs.
kickoff_return_tds_allowed	Int64	The team's kickoffs that were returned for a touchdown.
kickoff_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the kickoffs from the kicking side (the play EPA negated, because the receiving team is the possession team on a kickoff).
kick_returns	Int64	Kickoff returns by the team (kickoffs received that were neither a touchback, onside, out of bounds nor fair caught).
kick_return_yards	Float64	Kickoff return yards summed over the team's returns (yds_kickoff_return).
kick_return_tds	Int64	The team's kickoff returns that scored a touchdown.
kick_return_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the team's kickoff returns (the returning team is the possession team on a kickoff).
punts	Int64	Punts by the team that stood (punts nullified by penalty are excluded).
punt_yards	Float64	Gross punt distance summed over the team's punts (yds_punted).
punt_touchbacks	Int64	The team's punts that resulted in a touchback.
punts_blocked	Int64	The team's punts that were blocked.
punt_returns_allowed	Int64	Punts that were returned: not a touchback, fair catch, downed, out of bounds or blocked, and with a named returner.
punt_return_yards_allowed	Float64	Return yards allowed on the team's returned punts.
punt_return_tds_allowed	Int64	The team's punts that were returned for a touchdown.
punt_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the team's punts (the punting team is the possession team on a punt).
punt_returns	Int64	Punt returns by the team (punts received that were neither a touchback, fair catch, downed, out of bounds nor blocked).
punt_return_yards	Float64	Punt return yards summed over the team's returns (yds_punt_return).
punt_return_tds	Int64	The team's punt returns that scored a touchdown.
punt_return_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the team's punt returns, negated so it reads from the return team's side.
fg_attempts	Int64	The team's field-goal attempts that stood.
fg_made	Int64	The team's field goals made.
fgs_blocked	Int64	The team's field-goal attempts that were blocked.
fg_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the team's field-goal attempts.
punt_blocks_by	Int64	Opponent punts the team blocked.
fg_blocks_by	Int64	Opponent field-goal attempts the team blocked.
games	UInt32	Per-game rows summed into this season row -- the games in which this key appeared in the section -- so it counts games with activity, not games played.
punt_net_yards	Float64	punt_yards minus punt_return_yards_allowed minus 20 yards per touchback.
kickoff_touchback_rate	Float64	kickoff_touchbacks / kickoffs; null with no kickoffs.
kickoff_return_avg_allowed	Float64	kickoff_return_yards_allowed / kickoff_returns_allowed; null with no returns allowed.
fg_pct	Float64	fg_made / fg_attempts; null with no attempts.
punt_avg	Float64	punt_yards / punts: gross punting average; null with no punts.
punt_net_avg	Float64	punt_net_yards / punts: net punting average; null with no punts.
punt_return_avg_allowed	Float64	punt_return_yards_allowed / punt_returns_allowed; null with no returns allowed.
kick_return_avg	Float64	kick_return_yards / kick_returns; null with no kickoff returns.
punt_return_avg	Float64	punt_return_yards / punt_returns; null with no punt returns.

load_nfl_usage_st_team(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_team_tendencies

Release: espn_nfl_team_tendencies · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_team_tendencies/team_tendencies_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage Published 2002-2026 (2005 is thin: ESPN's 2005 feed carries no play text). A season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the team whose offense the row describes (the def_ columns are its defense); joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the team whose offense the row describes (the def_ columns are its defense), as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
games	UInt32	Distinct games in which the offense ran at least one standing scrimmage play.
plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays run by the offense (scrimmage_play rows not nullified by penalty).
rushes	UInt32	Rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
passes	UInt32	Pass plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
epa_rush	Float64	Play EPA summed over the rushing plays.
epa_pass	Float64	Play EPA summed over the pass plays.
epa_early_down	Float64	Play EPA summed over the first- and second-down plays.
epa_neutral	Float64	Play EPA summed over situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
successes_rush	UInt32	Rushing plays flagged EPA_success.
successes_pass	UInt32	Pass plays flagged EPA_success.
yards	Float64	statYardage summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
yards_rush	Float64	statYardage summed over the rushing plays.
yards_pass	Float64	statYardage summed over the pass plays.
explosives	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
explosives_rush	UInt32	Rushing plays flagged EPA_explosive.
explosives_pass	UInt32	Pass plays flagged EPA_explosive.
third_down_opportunities	UInt32	Third-down scrimmage plays.
third_down_conversions	UInt32	Third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
third_down_expected	Float64	Expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
plays_neutral	UInt32	Plays in situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
passes_neutral	UInt32	Pass plays in situation-neutral situations (see plays_neutral).
plays_d1	UInt32	Plays on first down.
passes_d1	UInt32	Pass plays on first down.
plays_d2	UInt32	Plays on second down.
passes_d2	UInt32	Pass plays on second down.
plays_d3	UInt32	Plays on third down.
passes_d3	UInt32	Pass plays on third down.
plays_d4	UInt32	Plays on fourth down.
passes_d4	UInt32	Pass plays on fourth down.
plays_early_down	UInt32	Plays on first or second down.
passes_early_down	UInt32	Pass plays on first or second down.
plays_standard_down	UInt32	Plays flagged standard_down on the play-by-play: first down, second down with fewer than 8 to go, or third / fourth down with fewer than 5 to go.
passes_standard_down	UInt32	Pass plays on standard downs (see plays_standard_down).
plays_passing_down	UInt32	Plays flagged passing_down on the play-by-play: second down with 8 or more to go, or third / fourth down with 5 or more to go.
passes_passing_down	UInt32	Pass plays on passing downs (see plays_passing_down).
plays_leading	UInt32	Plays snapped with the offense ahead on the scoreboard (pos_score_diff > 0).
passes_leading	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the offense ahead.
plays_tied	UInt32	Plays snapped with the score tied.
passes_tied	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the score tied.
plays_trailing	UInt32	Plays snapped with the offense behind on the scoreboard.
passes_trailing	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the offense behind.
plays_first_half	UInt32	Plays in the first two quarters.
passes_first_half	UInt32	Pass plays in the first two quarters.
plays_second_half	UInt32	Plays in the third and fourth quarters (overtime belongs to neither half).
passes_second_half	UInt32	Pass plays in the third and fourth quarters.
fourth_decisions	UInt32	Fourth-down plays on which the offense ran, passed, punted or attempted a field goal and the play stood (timeouts and nullified plays are not decisions).
fourth_went	UInt32	Fourth-down decisions that were a rush or a pass (the offense went for it).
fourth_converted	UInt32	Fourth-down go attempts that produced a first down or a touchdown.
fourth_model_go	UInt32	Decisions on which the fourth-down model recommended going for it (fourth_down_recommendation == "go").
fourth_model_kick	UInt32	Decisions on which the fourth-down model recommended a punt or a field goal.
fourth_went_when_go	UInt32	Decisions on which the offense went for it when the model also said go.
fourth_went_when_kick	UInt32	Decisions on which the offense went for it when the model said kick.
fourth_agreed	UInt32	Decisions that matched the model's recommendation (went when it said go, kicked when it said kick).
fourth_wp_left	Float64	Win probability left on the table, summed over the decisions that went against the model: go_boost when the offense kicked against a go recommendation, minus go_boost when it went against a kick recommendation, floored at zero.
drives	UInt32	Offensive drives: distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play.
drives_with_clock	UInt32	Drives with a usable ESPN drive clock (a parseable drive.timeElapsed and a positive drive.offensivePlays).
drive_seconds	Float64	ESPN elapsed drive time in seconds, summed over the drives with a usable clock.
drive_plays	Float64	ESPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the drives with a usable clock -- the pace denominator.
drive_seconds_neutral	Float64	ESPN elapsed drive seconds summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
drive_plays_neutral	Float64	ESPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
drive_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives.
rz_trips	UInt32	Drives with at least one play snapped in the red zone (20 or fewer yards to the end zone).
rz_tds	UInt32	Red-zone drives that included a touchdown play.
rz_scores	UInt32	Red-zone drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
rz_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the red-zone drives.
so_trips	UInt32	Drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (40 or fewer yards to the end zone).
so_tds	UInt32	Scoring-opportunity drives that included a touchdown play.
so_scores	UInt32	Scoring-opportunity drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
so_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scoring-opportunity drives.
scripted_drives	UInt32	The offense's first two drives of each half.
scripted_plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays on the scripted drives.
scripted_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the scripted drives.
scripted_successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success on the scripted drives.
scripted_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scripted drives.
non_scripted_drives	UInt32	Every drive after the offense's first two of each half.
non_scripted_plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays on the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success on the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the non-scripted drives.
plays_per_game	Float64	plays / games. Null when the denominator is 0.
plays_per_drive	Float64	plays / drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
drives_per_game	Float64	drives / games. Null when the denominator is 0.
sec_per_play	Float64	drive_seconds / drive_plays: seconds of game clock per offensive play from ESPN's own drive clock (pace; lower is faster). Null when the denominator is 0.
sec_per_play_neutral	Float64	drive_seconds_neutral / drive_plays_neutral: the same pace measure on drives that started situation-neutral. Null when the denominator is 0.
pace_coverage	Float64	drives_with_clock / drives: the share of drives with a usable clock; treat sec_per_play with caution when this is low. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate	Float64	passes / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_neutral	Float64	passes_neutral / plays_neutral: pass rate in situation-neutral situations. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d1	Float64	passes_d1 / plays_d1: pass rate on first down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d2	Float64	passes_d2 / plays_d2: pass rate on second down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d3	Float64	passes_d3 / plays_d3: pass rate on third down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d4	Float64	passes_d4 / plays_d4: pass rate on fourth down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_early_down	Float64	passes_early_down / plays_early_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_standard_down	Float64	passes_standard_down / plays_standard_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_passing_down	Float64	passes_passing_down / plays_passing_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_leading	Float64	passes_leading / plays_leading: pass rate when ahead. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_tied	Float64	passes_tied / plays_tied: pass rate when tied. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_trailing	Float64	passes_trailing / plays_trailing: pass rate when behind. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_first_half	Float64	passes_first_half / plays_first_half. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_second_half	Float64	passes_second_half / plays_second_half. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play	Float64	epa / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_rush	Float64	epa_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_pass	Float64	epa_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play_early_down	Float64	epa_early_down / plays_early_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play_neutral	Float64	epa_neutral / plays_neutral. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate	Float64	successes / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate_rush	Float64	successes_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate_pass	Float64	successes_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp	Float64	yards / plays: yards per play. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp_rush	Float64	yards_rush / rushes: yards per rush. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp_pass	Float64	yards_pass / passes: yards per pass play. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate	Float64	explosives / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate_rush	Float64	explosives_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate_pass	Float64	explosives_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
third_down_rate	Float64	third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_trip_rate	Float64	rz_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the red zone. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_td_rate	Float64	rz_tds / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_conversion_rate	Float64	rz_scores / rz_trips: the share of red-zone trips that scored (touchdown or field goal). Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_pts_per_trip	Float64	rz_points / rz_trips: points per red-zone trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_trip_rate	Float64	so_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_td_rate	Float64	so_tds / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_conversion_rate	Float64	so_scores / so_trips: the share of scoring-opportunity trips that scored. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_pts_per_trip	Float64	so_points / so_trips: points per scoring-opportunity trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
pts_per_drive	Float64	drive_points / drives: points per drive. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	scripted_epa / scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_success_rate	Float64	scripted_successes / scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	scripted_points / scripted_drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	non_scripted_epa / non_scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_success_rate	Float64	non_scripted_successes / non_scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	non_scripted_points / non_scripted_drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate	Float64	fourth_went / fourth_decisions: the share of fourth-down decisions on which the offense went for it. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate_when_model_says_go	Float64	fourth_went_when_go / fourth_model_go: go rate on the decisions where the fourth-down model said go. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate_when_model_says_kick	Float64	fourth_went_when_kick / fourth_model_kick: go rate on the decisions where the model said punt or kick. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_agreement_rate	Float64	fourth_agreed / fourth_decisions: the share of decisions that matched the model. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_wp_left_per_decision	Float64	fourth_wp_left / fourth_decisions: win probability left on the table per fourth-down decision. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_conversion_rate	Float64	fourth_converted / fourth_went: conversion rate when going for it. Null when the denominator is 0.
third_down_over_expected	Float64	third_down_conversions minus third_down_expected: conversions above the distance-adjusted expectation; null when no curve was available.
def_games	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of games -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: distinct games in which the offense ran at least one standing scrimmage play.
def_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays run by the offense (scrimmage_play rows not nullified by penalty).
def_rushes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rushes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
def_passes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
def_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
def_epa_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the rushing plays.
def_epa_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the pass plays.
def_epa_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the first- and second-down plays.
def_epa_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
def_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
def_successes_rush	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: rushing plays flagged EPA_success.
def_successes_pass	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays flagged EPA_success.
def_yards	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
def_yards_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the rushing plays.
def_yards_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the pass plays.
def_explosives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
def_explosives_rush	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: rushing plays flagged EPA_explosive.
def_explosives_pass	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays flagged EPA_explosive.
def_third_down_opportunities	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_opportunities -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: third-down scrimmage plays.
def_third_down_conversions	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_conversions -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
def_third_down_expected	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_expected -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
def_plays_neutral	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays in situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
def_passes_neutral	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays in situation-neutral situations (see plays_neutral).
def_plays_d1	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d1 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays on first down.
def_passes_d1	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d1 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on first down.
def_plays_d2	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d2 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays on second down.
def_passes_d2	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d2 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on second down.
def_plays_d3	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d3 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays on third down.
def_passes_d3	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d3 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on third down.
def_plays_d4	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d4 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays on fourth down.
def_passes_d4	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d4 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on fourth down.
def_plays_early_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays on first or second down.
def_passes_early_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on first or second down.
def_plays_standard_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_standard_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays flagged standard_down on the play-by-play: first down, second down with fewer than 8 to go, or third / fourth down with fewer than 5 to go.
def_passes_standard_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_standard_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on standard downs (see plays_standard_down).
def_plays_passing_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_passing_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays flagged passing_down on the play-by-play: second down with 8 or more to go, or third / fourth down with 5 or more to go.
def_passes_passing_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_passing_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays on passing downs (see plays_passing_down).
def_plays_leading	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_leading -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the offense ahead on the scoreboard (pos_score_diff > 0).
def_passes_leading	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_leading -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the offense ahead.
def_plays_tied	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_tied -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the score tied.
def_passes_tied	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_tied -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the score tied.
def_plays_trailing	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_trailing -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the offense behind on the scoreboard.
def_passes_trailing	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_trailing -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the offense behind.
def_plays_first_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_first_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays in the first two quarters.
def_passes_first_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_first_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays in the first two quarters.
def_plays_second_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_second_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays in the third and fourth quarters (overtime belongs to neither half).
def_passes_second_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_second_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: pass plays in the third and fourth quarters.
def_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: offensive drives: distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play.
def_drives_with_clock	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of drives_with_clock -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drives with a usable ESPN drive clock (a parseable drive.timeElapsed and a positive drive.offensivePlays).
def_drive_seconds	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_seconds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: eSPN elapsed drive time in seconds, summed over the drives with a usable clock.
def_drive_plays	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: eSPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the drives with a usable clock -- the pace denominator.
def_drive_seconds_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_seconds_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: eSPN elapsed drive seconds summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
def_drive_plays_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_plays_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: eSPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
def_drive_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives.
def_rz_trips	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_trips -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drives with at least one play snapped in the red zone (20 or fewer yards to the end zone).
def_rz_tds	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_tds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: red-zone drives that included a touchdown play.
def_rz_scores	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_scores -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: red-zone drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
def_rz_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the red-zone drives.
def_so_trips	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_trips -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (40 or fewer yards to the end zone).
def_so_tds	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_tds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: scoring-opportunity drives that included a touchdown play.
def_so_scores	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_scores -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: scoring-opportunity drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
def_so_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scoring-opportunity drives.
def_scripted_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: the offense's first two drives of each half.
def_scripted_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays on the scripted drives.
def_scripted_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the scripted drives.
def_scripted_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success on the scripted drives.
def_scripted_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: every drive after the offense's first two of each half.
def_non_scripted_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays on the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success on the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this team's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the non-scripted drives.
def_plays_per_game	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of plays_per_game: plays / games. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_plays_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of plays_per_drive: plays / drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_drives_per_game	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drives_per_game: drives / games. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_sec_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of sec_per_play: drive_seconds / drive_plays: seconds of game clock per offensive play from ESPN's own drive clock (pace; lower is faster). Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_sec_per_play_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of sec_per_play_neutral: drive_seconds_neutral / drive_plays_neutral: the same pace measure on drives that started situation-neutral. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pace_coverage	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pace_coverage: drives_with_clock / drives: the share of drives with a usable clock; treat sec_per_play with caution when this is low. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate: passes / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_neutral: passes_neutral / plays_neutral: pass rate in situation-neutral situations. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d1	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d1: passes_d1 / plays_d1: pass rate on first down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d2	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d2: passes_d2 / plays_d2: pass rate on second down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d3	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d3: passes_d3 / plays_d3: pass rate on third down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d4	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d4: passes_d4 / plays_d4: pass rate on fourth down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_early_down: passes_early_down / plays_early_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_standard_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_standard_down: passes_standard_down / plays_standard_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_passing_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_passing_down: passes_passing_down / plays_passing_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_leading	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_leading: passes_leading / plays_leading: pass rate when ahead. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_tied	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_tied: passes_tied / plays_tied: pass rate when tied. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_trailing	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_trailing: passes_trailing / plays_trailing: pass rate when behind. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_first_half	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_first_half: passes_first_half / plays_first_half. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_second_half	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_second_half: passes_second_half / plays_second_half. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play: epa / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_rush: epa_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_pass: epa_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play_early_down: epa_early_down / plays_early_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play_neutral: epa_neutral / plays_neutral. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate: successes / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate_rush: successes_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate_pass: successes_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp: yards / plays: yards per play. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp_rush: yards_rush / rushes: yards per rush. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp_pass: yards_pass / passes: yards per pass play. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate: explosives / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate_rush: explosives_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate_pass: explosives_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_third_down_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_rate: third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_trip_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_trip_rate: rz_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the red zone. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_td_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_td_rate: rz_tds / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_conversion_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_conversion_rate: rz_scores / rz_trips: the share of red-zone trips that scored (touchdown or field goal). Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_pts_per_trip	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_pts_per_trip: rz_points / rz_trips: points per red-zone trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_trip_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_trip_rate: so_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_td_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_td_rate: so_tds / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_conversion_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_conversion_rate: so_scores / so_trips: the share of scoring-opportunity trips that scored. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_pts_per_trip	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_pts_per_trip: so_points / so_trips: points per scoring-opportunity trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pts_per_drive: drive_points / drives: points per drive. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_epa_per_play: scripted_epa / scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_success_rate: scripted_successes / scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_pts_per_drive: scripted_points / scripted_drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_epa_per_play: non_scripted_epa / non_scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_success_rate: non_scripted_successes / non_scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_pts_per_drive: non_scripted_points / non_scripted_drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_third_down_over_expected	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_over_expected: def_third_down_conversions minus def_third_down_expected; null when no curve was available.

load_nfl_team_tendencies(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_coach_tendencies

Release: espn_nfl_coach_tendencies · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_coach_tendencies/coach_tendencies_{season}.parquet:::caution Coverage One row per (season, team, head coach). The coach comes from the nflverse schedule (home_coach / away_coach) per game, so a midseason change splits the season between both coaches; role is always "HC". Published 2002-2026 (2005 is thin). A season with no asset raises NoDataError. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
season	Int64	Season the rows were summed over, keyed by the season's starting calendar year -- the same season stamp the released play-by-play carries.
pos_team_id	Int64	ESPN team id of the team the coach's plays were attributed to; joins to the ESPN teams and schedule datasets on team_id.
pos_team	String	Display name of the team the coach's plays were attributed to, as carried on the released play-by-play (e.g. "Kansas City Chiefs", "Georgia Bulldogs").
coach	String	Head coach the plays were attributed to -- per game from the nflverse schedule (home_coach / away_coach) for the NFL, per team-season from the producer's CFBD coach roster for CFB.
role	String	Coaching role the row is keyed on; always "HC" (head coach) in the published assets, reserved for later coordinator rows.
games	UInt32	Distinct games in which the offense ran at least one standing scrimmage play.
plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays run by the offense (scrimmage_play rows not nullified by penalty).
rushes	UInt32	Rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
passes	UInt32	Pass plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
epa_rush	Float64	Play EPA summed over the rushing plays.
epa_pass	Float64	Play EPA summed over the pass plays.
epa_early_down	Float64	Play EPA summed over the first- and second-down plays.
epa_neutral	Float64	Play EPA summed over situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
successes_rush	UInt32	Rushing plays flagged EPA_success.
successes_pass	UInt32	Pass plays flagged EPA_success.
yards	Float64	statYardage summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
yards_rush	Float64	statYardage summed over the rushing plays.
yards_pass	Float64	statYardage summed over the pass plays.
explosives	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
explosives_rush	UInt32	Rushing plays flagged EPA_explosive.
explosives_pass	UInt32	Pass plays flagged EPA_explosive.
third_down_opportunities	UInt32	Third-down scrimmage plays.
third_down_conversions	UInt32	Third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
third_down_expected	Float64	Expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
plays_neutral	UInt32	Plays in situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
passes_neutral	UInt32	Pass plays in situation-neutral situations (see plays_neutral).
plays_d1	UInt32	Plays on first down.
passes_d1	UInt32	Pass plays on first down.
plays_d2	UInt32	Plays on second down.
passes_d2	UInt32	Pass plays on second down.
plays_d3	UInt32	Plays on third down.
passes_d3	UInt32	Pass plays on third down.
plays_d4	UInt32	Plays on fourth down.
passes_d4	UInt32	Pass plays on fourth down.
plays_early_down	UInt32	Plays on first or second down.
passes_early_down	UInt32	Pass plays on first or second down.
plays_standard_down	UInt32	Plays flagged standard_down on the play-by-play: first down, second down with fewer than 8 to go, or third / fourth down with fewer than 5 to go.
passes_standard_down	UInt32	Pass plays on standard downs (see plays_standard_down).
plays_passing_down	UInt32	Plays flagged passing_down on the play-by-play: second down with 8 or more to go, or third / fourth down with 5 or more to go.
passes_passing_down	UInt32	Pass plays on passing downs (see plays_passing_down).
plays_leading	UInt32	Plays snapped with the offense ahead on the scoreboard (pos_score_diff > 0).
passes_leading	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the offense ahead.
plays_tied	UInt32	Plays snapped with the score tied.
passes_tied	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the score tied.
plays_trailing	UInt32	Plays snapped with the offense behind on the scoreboard.
passes_trailing	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the offense behind.
plays_first_half	UInt32	Plays in the first two quarters.
passes_first_half	UInt32	Pass plays in the first two quarters.
plays_second_half	UInt32	Plays in the third and fourth quarters (overtime belongs to neither half).
passes_second_half	UInt32	Pass plays in the third and fourth quarters.
fourth_decisions	UInt32	Fourth-down plays on which the offense ran, passed, punted or attempted a field goal and the play stood (timeouts and nullified plays are not decisions).
fourth_went	UInt32	Fourth-down decisions that were a rush or a pass (the offense went for it).
fourth_converted	UInt32	Fourth-down go attempts that produced a first down or a touchdown.
fourth_model_go	UInt32	Decisions on which the fourth-down model recommended going for it (fourth_down_recommendation == "go").
fourth_model_kick	UInt32	Decisions on which the fourth-down model recommended a punt or a field goal.
fourth_went_when_go	UInt32	Decisions on which the offense went for it when the model also said go.
fourth_went_when_kick	UInt32	Decisions on which the offense went for it when the model said kick.
fourth_agreed	UInt32	Decisions that matched the model's recommendation (went when it said go, kicked when it said kick).
fourth_wp_left	Float64	Win probability left on the table, summed over the decisions that went against the model: go_boost when the offense kicked against a go recommendation, minus go_boost when it went against a kick recommendation, floored at zero.
drives	UInt32	Offensive drives: distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play.
drives_with_clock	UInt32	Drives with a usable ESPN drive clock (a parseable drive.timeElapsed and a positive drive.offensivePlays).
drive_seconds	Float64	ESPN elapsed drive time in seconds, summed over the drives with a usable clock.
drive_plays	Float64	ESPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the drives with a usable clock -- the pace denominator.
drive_seconds_neutral	Float64	ESPN elapsed drive seconds summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
drive_plays_neutral	Float64	ESPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
drive_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives.
rz_trips	UInt32	Drives with at least one play snapped in the red zone (20 or fewer yards to the end zone).
rz_tds	UInt32	Red-zone drives that included a touchdown play.
rz_scores	UInt32	Red-zone drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
rz_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the red-zone drives.
so_trips	UInt32	Drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (40 or fewer yards to the end zone).
so_tds	UInt32	Scoring-opportunity drives that included a touchdown play.
so_scores	UInt32	Scoring-opportunity drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
so_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scoring-opportunity drives.
scripted_drives	UInt32	The offense's first two drives of each half.
scripted_plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays on the scripted drives.
scripted_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the scripted drives.
scripted_successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success on the scripted drives.
scripted_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scripted drives.
non_scripted_drives	UInt32	Every drive after the offense's first two of each half.
non_scripted_plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays on the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success on the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the non-scripted drives.
plays_per_game	Float64	plays / games. Null when the denominator is 0.
plays_per_drive	Float64	plays / drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
drives_per_game	Float64	drives / games. Null when the denominator is 0.
sec_per_play	Float64	drive_seconds / drive_plays: seconds of game clock per offensive play from ESPN's own drive clock (pace; lower is faster). Null when the denominator is 0.
sec_per_play_neutral	Float64	drive_seconds_neutral / drive_plays_neutral: the same pace measure on drives that started situation-neutral. Null when the denominator is 0.
pace_coverage	Float64	drives_with_clock / drives: the share of drives with a usable clock; treat sec_per_play with caution when this is low. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate	Float64	passes / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_neutral	Float64	passes_neutral / plays_neutral: pass rate in situation-neutral situations. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d1	Float64	passes_d1 / plays_d1: pass rate on first down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d2	Float64	passes_d2 / plays_d2: pass rate on second down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d3	Float64	passes_d3 / plays_d3: pass rate on third down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d4	Float64	passes_d4 / plays_d4: pass rate on fourth down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_early_down	Float64	passes_early_down / plays_early_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_standard_down	Float64	passes_standard_down / plays_standard_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_passing_down	Float64	passes_passing_down / plays_passing_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_leading	Float64	passes_leading / plays_leading: pass rate when ahead. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_tied	Float64	passes_tied / plays_tied: pass rate when tied. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_trailing	Float64	passes_trailing / plays_trailing: pass rate when behind. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_first_half	Float64	passes_first_half / plays_first_half. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_second_half	Float64	passes_second_half / plays_second_half. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play	Float64	epa / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_rush	Float64	epa_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_pass	Float64	epa_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play_early_down	Float64	epa_early_down / plays_early_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play_neutral	Float64	epa_neutral / plays_neutral. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate	Float64	successes / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate_rush	Float64	successes_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate_pass	Float64	successes_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp	Float64	yards / plays: yards per play. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp_rush	Float64	yards_rush / rushes: yards per rush. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp_pass	Float64	yards_pass / passes: yards per pass play. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate	Float64	explosives / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate_rush	Float64	explosives_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate_pass	Float64	explosives_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
third_down_rate	Float64	third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_trip_rate	Float64	rz_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the red zone. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_td_rate	Float64	rz_tds / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_conversion_rate	Float64	rz_scores / rz_trips: the share of red-zone trips that scored (touchdown or field goal). Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_pts_per_trip	Float64	rz_points / rz_trips: points per red-zone trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_trip_rate	Float64	so_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_td_rate	Float64	so_tds / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_conversion_rate	Float64	so_scores / so_trips: the share of scoring-opportunity trips that scored. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_pts_per_trip	Float64	so_points / so_trips: points per scoring-opportunity trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
pts_per_drive	Float64	drive_points / drives: points per drive. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	scripted_epa / scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_success_rate	Float64	scripted_successes / scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	scripted_points / scripted_drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	non_scripted_epa / non_scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_success_rate	Float64	non_scripted_successes / non_scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	non_scripted_points / non_scripted_drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate	Float64	fourth_went / fourth_decisions: the share of fourth-down decisions on which the offense went for it. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate_when_model_says_go	Float64	fourth_went_when_go / fourth_model_go: go rate on the decisions where the fourth-down model said go. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate_when_model_says_kick	Float64	fourth_went_when_kick / fourth_model_kick: go rate on the decisions where the model said punt or kick. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_agreement_rate	Float64	fourth_agreed / fourth_decisions: the share of decisions that matched the model. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_wp_left_per_decision	Float64	fourth_wp_left / fourth_decisions: win probability left on the table per fourth-down decision. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_conversion_rate	Float64	fourth_converted / fourth_went: conversion rate when going for it. Null when the denominator is 0.
third_down_over_expected	Float64	third_down_conversions minus third_down_expected: conversions above the distance-adjusted expectation; null when no curve was available.
def_games	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of games -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: distinct games in which the offense ran at least one standing scrimmage play.
def_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays run by the offense (scrimmage_play rows not nullified by penalty).
def_rushes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rushes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
def_passes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
def_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
def_epa_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the rushing plays.
def_epa_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the pass plays.
def_epa_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the first- and second-down plays.
def_epa_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
def_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
def_successes_rush	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: rushing plays flagged EPA_success.
def_successes_pass	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays flagged EPA_success.
def_yards	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
def_yards_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the rushing plays.
def_yards_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the pass plays.
def_explosives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
def_explosives_rush	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: rushing plays flagged EPA_explosive.
def_explosives_pass	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays flagged EPA_explosive.
def_third_down_opportunities	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_opportunities -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: third-down scrimmage plays.
def_third_down_conversions	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_conversions -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
def_third_down_expected	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_expected -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
def_plays_neutral	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays in situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
def_passes_neutral	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays in situation-neutral situations (see plays_neutral).
def_plays_d1	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d1 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on first down.
def_passes_d1	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d1 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on first down.
def_plays_d2	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d2 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on second down.
def_passes_d2	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d2 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on second down.
def_plays_d3	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d3 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on third down.
def_passes_d3	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d3 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on third down.
def_plays_d4	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d4 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on fourth down.
def_passes_d4	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d4 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on fourth down.
def_plays_early_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on first or second down.
def_passes_early_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on first or second down.
def_plays_standard_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_standard_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged standard_down on the play-by-play: first down, second down with fewer than 8 to go, or third / fourth down with fewer than 5 to go.
def_passes_standard_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_standard_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on standard downs (see plays_standard_down).
def_plays_passing_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_passing_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged passing_down on the play-by-play: second down with 8 or more to go, or third / fourth down with 5 or more to go.
def_passes_passing_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_passing_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on passing downs (see plays_passing_down).
def_plays_leading	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_leading -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the offense ahead on the scoreboard (pos_score_diff > 0).
def_passes_leading	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_leading -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the offense ahead.
def_plays_tied	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_tied -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the score tied.
def_passes_tied	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_tied -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the score tied.
def_plays_trailing	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_trailing -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the offense behind on the scoreboard.
def_passes_trailing	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_trailing -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the offense behind.
def_plays_first_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_first_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays in the first two quarters.
def_passes_first_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_first_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays in the first two quarters.
def_plays_second_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_second_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays in the third and fourth quarters (overtime belongs to neither half).
def_passes_second_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_second_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays in the third and fourth quarters.
def_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: offensive drives: distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play.
def_drives_with_clock	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of drives_with_clock -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drives with a usable ESPN drive clock (a parseable drive.timeElapsed and a positive drive.offensivePlays).
def_drive_seconds	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_seconds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN elapsed drive time in seconds, summed over the drives with a usable clock.
def_drive_plays	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the drives with a usable clock -- the pace denominator.
def_drive_seconds_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_seconds_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN elapsed drive seconds summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
def_drive_plays_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_plays_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
def_drive_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives.
def_rz_trips	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_trips -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drives with at least one play snapped in the red zone (20 or fewer yards to the end zone).
def_rz_tds	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_tds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: red-zone drives that included a touchdown play.
def_rz_scores	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_scores -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: red-zone drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
def_rz_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the red-zone drives.
def_so_trips	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_trips -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (40 or fewer yards to the end zone).
def_so_tds	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_tds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: scoring-opportunity drives that included a touchdown play.
def_so_scores	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_scores -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: scoring-opportunity drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
def_so_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scoring-opportunity drives.
def_scripted_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: the offense's first two drives of each half.
def_scripted_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays on the scripted drives.
def_scripted_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the scripted drives.
def_scripted_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success on the scripted drives.
def_scripted_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: every drive after the offense's first two of each half.
def_non_scripted_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays on the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success on the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the non-scripted drives.
def_plays_per_game	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of plays_per_game: plays / games. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_plays_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of plays_per_drive: plays / drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_drives_per_game	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drives_per_game: drives / games. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_sec_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of sec_per_play: drive_seconds / drive_plays: seconds of game clock per offensive play from ESPN's own drive clock (pace; lower is faster). Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_sec_per_play_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of sec_per_play_neutral: drive_seconds_neutral / drive_plays_neutral: the same pace measure on drives that started situation-neutral. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pace_coverage	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pace_coverage: drives_with_clock / drives: the share of drives with a usable clock; treat sec_per_play with caution when this is low. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate: passes / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_neutral: passes_neutral / plays_neutral: pass rate in situation-neutral situations. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d1	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d1: passes_d1 / plays_d1: pass rate on first down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d2	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d2: passes_d2 / plays_d2: pass rate on second down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d3	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d3: passes_d3 / plays_d3: pass rate on third down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d4	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d4: passes_d4 / plays_d4: pass rate on fourth down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_early_down: passes_early_down / plays_early_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_standard_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_standard_down: passes_standard_down / plays_standard_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_passing_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_passing_down: passes_passing_down / plays_passing_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_leading	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_leading: passes_leading / plays_leading: pass rate when ahead. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_tied	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_tied: passes_tied / plays_tied: pass rate when tied. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_trailing	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_trailing: passes_trailing / plays_trailing: pass rate when behind. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_first_half	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_first_half: passes_first_half / plays_first_half. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_second_half	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_second_half: passes_second_half / plays_second_half. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play: epa / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_rush: epa_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_pass: epa_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play_early_down: epa_early_down / plays_early_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play_neutral: epa_neutral / plays_neutral. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate: successes / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate_rush: successes_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate_pass: successes_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp: yards / plays: yards per play. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp_rush: yards_rush / rushes: yards per rush. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp_pass: yards_pass / passes: yards per pass play. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate: explosives / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate_rush: explosives_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate_pass: explosives_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_third_down_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_rate: third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_trip_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_trip_rate: rz_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the red zone. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_td_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_td_rate: rz_tds / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_conversion_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_conversion_rate: rz_scores / rz_trips: the share of red-zone trips that scored (touchdown or field goal). Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_pts_per_trip	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_pts_per_trip: rz_points / rz_trips: points per red-zone trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_trip_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_trip_rate: so_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_td_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_td_rate: so_tds / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_conversion_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_conversion_rate: so_scores / so_trips: the share of scoring-opportunity trips that scored. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_pts_per_trip	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_pts_per_trip: so_points / so_trips: points per scoring-opportunity trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pts_per_drive: drive_points / drives: points per drive. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_epa_per_play: scripted_epa / scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_success_rate: scripted_successes / scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_pts_per_drive: scripted_points / scripted_drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_epa_per_play: non_scripted_epa / non_scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_success_rate: non_scripted_successes / non_scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_pts_per_drive: non_scripted_points / non_scripted_drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_third_down_over_expected	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_over_expected: def_third_down_conversions minus def_third_down_expected; null when no curve was available.

load_nfl_coach_tendencies(seasons=2024)

load_nfl_coach_careers

Release: espn_nfl_coach_careers · asset https://github.com/sportsdataverse/sportsdataverse-data/releases/download/espn_nfl_coach_careers/coach_careers.parquet:::caution Coverage One season-less file: every published coach_tendencies season summed per head coach with the rates recomputed (play-weighted, never averaged averages). Careers therefore cover exactly the seasons published under the coach_tendencies tag. :::

Returns

col_name	type	description
coach	String	Head coach the plays were attributed to -- per game from the nflverse schedule (home_coach / away_coach) for the NFL, per team-season from the producer's CFBD coach roster for CFB.
role	String	Coaching role the row is keyed on; always "HC" (head coach) in the published assets, reserved for later coordinator rows.
teams	String	Comma-separated teams the coach's attributed seasons were with, in first-to-last season order.
seasons	UInt32	Number of distinct seasons summed into the career row.
first_season	Int64	Earliest season summed into the career row.
last_season	Int64	Latest season summed into the career row.
games	UInt32	Distinct games in which the offense ran at least one standing scrimmage play. Summed over the coach's published seasons, like every count here.
plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays run by the offense (scrimmage_play rows not nullified by penalty).
rushes	UInt32	Rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
passes	UInt32	Pass plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
epa_rush	Float64	Play EPA summed over the rushing plays.
epa_pass	Float64	Play EPA summed over the pass plays.
epa_early_down	Float64	Play EPA summed over the first- and second-down plays.
epa_neutral	Float64	Play EPA summed over situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
successes_rush	UInt32	Rushing plays flagged EPA_success.
successes_pass	UInt32	Pass plays flagged EPA_success.
yards	Float64	statYardage summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
yards_rush	Float64	statYardage summed over the rushing plays.
yards_pass	Float64	statYardage summed over the pass plays.
explosives	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
explosives_rush	UInt32	Rushing plays flagged EPA_explosive.
explosives_pass	UInt32	Pass plays flagged EPA_explosive.
third_down_opportunities	UInt32	Third-down scrimmage plays.
third_down_conversions	UInt32	Third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
third_down_expected	Float64	Expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
plays_neutral	UInt32	Plays in situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
passes_neutral	UInt32	Pass plays in situation-neutral situations (see plays_neutral).
plays_d1	UInt32	Plays on first down.
passes_d1	UInt32	Pass plays on first down.
plays_d2	UInt32	Plays on second down.
passes_d2	UInt32	Pass plays on second down.
plays_d3	UInt32	Plays on third down.
passes_d3	UInt32	Pass plays on third down.
plays_d4	UInt32	Plays on fourth down.
passes_d4	UInt32	Pass plays on fourth down.
plays_early_down	UInt32	Plays on first or second down.
passes_early_down	UInt32	Pass plays on first or second down.
plays_standard_down	UInt32	Plays flagged standard_down on the play-by-play: first down, second down with fewer than 8 to go, or third / fourth down with fewer than 5 to go.
passes_standard_down	UInt32	Pass plays on standard downs (see plays_standard_down).
plays_passing_down	UInt32	Plays flagged passing_down on the play-by-play: second down with 8 or more to go, or third / fourth down with 5 or more to go.
passes_passing_down	UInt32	Pass plays on passing downs (see plays_passing_down).
plays_leading	UInt32	Plays snapped with the offense ahead on the scoreboard (pos_score_diff > 0).
passes_leading	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the offense ahead.
plays_tied	UInt32	Plays snapped with the score tied.
passes_tied	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the score tied.
plays_trailing	UInt32	Plays snapped with the offense behind on the scoreboard.
passes_trailing	UInt32	Pass plays snapped with the offense behind.
plays_first_half	UInt32	Plays in the first two quarters.
passes_first_half	UInt32	Pass plays in the first two quarters.
plays_second_half	UInt32	Plays in the third and fourth quarters (overtime belongs to neither half).
passes_second_half	UInt32	Pass plays in the third and fourth quarters.
fourth_decisions	UInt32	Fourth-down plays on which the offense ran, passed, punted or attempted a field goal and the play stood (timeouts and nullified plays are not decisions).
fourth_went	UInt32	Fourth-down decisions that were a rush or a pass (the offense went for it).
fourth_converted	UInt32	Fourth-down go attempts that produced a first down or a touchdown.
fourth_model_go	UInt32	Decisions on which the fourth-down model recommended going for it (fourth_down_recommendation == "go").
fourth_model_kick	UInt32	Decisions on which the fourth-down model recommended a punt or a field goal.
fourth_went_when_go	UInt32	Decisions on which the offense went for it when the model also said go.
fourth_went_when_kick	UInt32	Decisions on which the offense went for it when the model said kick.
fourth_agreed	UInt32	Decisions that matched the model's recommendation (went when it said go, kicked when it said kick).
fourth_wp_left	Float64	Win probability left on the table, summed over the decisions that went against the model: go_boost when the offense kicked against a go recommendation, minus go_boost when it went against a kick recommendation, floored at zero.
drives	UInt32	Offensive drives: distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play.
drives_with_clock	UInt32	Drives with a usable ESPN drive clock (a parseable drive.timeElapsed and a positive drive.offensivePlays).
drive_seconds	Float64	ESPN elapsed drive time in seconds, summed over the drives with a usable clock.
drive_plays	Float64	ESPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the drives with a usable clock -- the pace denominator.
drive_seconds_neutral	Float64	ESPN elapsed drive seconds summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
drive_plays_neutral	Float64	ESPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
drive_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives.
rz_trips	UInt32	Drives with at least one play snapped in the red zone (20 or fewer yards to the end zone).
rz_tds	UInt32	Red-zone drives that included a touchdown play.
rz_scores	UInt32	Red-zone drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
rz_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the red-zone drives.
so_trips	UInt32	Drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (40 or fewer yards to the end zone).
so_tds	UInt32	Scoring-opportunity drives that included a touchdown play.
so_scores	UInt32	Scoring-opportunity drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
so_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scoring-opportunity drives.
scripted_drives	UInt32	The offense's first two drives of each half.
scripted_plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays on the scripted drives.
scripted_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the scripted drives.
scripted_successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success on the scripted drives.
scripted_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scripted drives.
non_scripted_drives	UInt32	Every drive after the offense's first two of each half.
non_scripted_plays	UInt32	Standing scrimmage plays on the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_epa	Float64	Play EPA summed over the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_successes	UInt32	Plays flagged EPA_success on the non-scripted drives.
non_scripted_points	Float64	Drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the non-scripted drives.
def_games	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of games -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: distinct games in which the offense ran at least one standing scrimmage play.
def_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays run by the offense (scrimmage_play rows not nullified by penalty).
def_rushes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rushes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: rushing plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
def_passes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays among the standing scrimmage plays.
def_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
def_epa_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the rushing plays.
def_epa_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the pass plays.
def_epa_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the first- and second-down plays.
def_epa_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
def_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success (positive EPA) on the play-by-play.
def_successes_rush	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: rushing plays flagged EPA_success.
def_successes_pass	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of successes_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays flagged EPA_success.
def_yards	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the standing scrimmage plays.
def_yards_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the rushing plays.
def_yards_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of yards_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: statYardage summed over the pass plays.
def_explosives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_explosive on the play-by-play.
def_explosives_rush	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives_rush -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: rushing plays flagged EPA_explosive.
def_explosives_pass	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of explosives_pass -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays flagged EPA_explosive.
def_third_down_opportunities	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_opportunities -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: third-down scrimmage plays.
def_third_down_conversions	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_conversions -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: third-down plays that produced a first down or a touchdown.
def_third_down_expected	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_expected -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: expected third-down conversions: the league's bundled third-down yards-to-go conversion curve summed over the third-down plays; null when no curve was available.
def_plays_neutral	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays in situation-neutral plays: win probability between 20% and 80%, in the first four quarters, outside the final two minutes of a half.
def_passes_neutral	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays in situation-neutral situations (see plays_neutral).
def_plays_d1	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d1 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on first down.
def_passes_d1	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d1 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on first down.
def_plays_d2	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d2 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on second down.
def_passes_d2	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d2 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on second down.
def_plays_d3	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d3 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on third down.
def_passes_d3	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d3 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on third down.
def_plays_d4	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_d4 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on fourth down.
def_passes_d4	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_d4 -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on fourth down.
def_plays_early_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays on first or second down.
def_passes_early_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_early_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on first or second down.
def_plays_standard_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_standard_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged standard_down on the play-by-play: first down, second down with fewer than 8 to go, or third / fourth down with fewer than 5 to go.
def_passes_standard_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_standard_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on standard downs (see plays_standard_down).
def_plays_passing_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_passing_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged passing_down on the play-by-play: second down with 8 or more to go, or third / fourth down with 5 or more to go.
def_passes_passing_down	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_passing_down -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays on passing downs (see plays_passing_down).
def_plays_leading	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_leading -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the offense ahead on the scoreboard (pos_score_diff > 0).
def_passes_leading	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_leading -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the offense ahead.
def_plays_tied	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_tied -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the score tied.
def_passes_tied	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_tied -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the score tied.
def_plays_trailing	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_trailing -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays snapped with the offense behind on the scoreboard.
def_passes_trailing	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_trailing -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays snapped with the offense behind.
def_plays_first_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_first_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays in the first two quarters.
def_passes_first_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_first_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays in the first two quarters.
def_plays_second_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of plays_second_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays in the third and fourth quarters (overtime belongs to neither half).
def_passes_second_half	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of passes_second_half -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: pass plays in the third and fourth quarters.
def_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: offensive drives: distinct drive.id values with at least one standing scrimmage play.
def_drives_with_clock	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of drives_with_clock -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drives with a usable ESPN drive clock (a parseable drive.timeElapsed and a positive drive.offensivePlays).
def_drive_seconds	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_seconds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN elapsed drive time in seconds, summed over the drives with a usable clock.
def_drive_plays	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the drives with a usable clock -- the pace denominator.
def_drive_seconds_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_seconds_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN elapsed drive seconds summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
def_drive_plays_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_plays_neutral -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: eSPN drive.offensivePlays summed over the clocked drives whose first play was situation-neutral.
def_drive_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drive_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3, from drive.result) summed over the drives.
def_rz_trips	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_trips -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drives with at least one play snapped in the red zone (20 or fewer yards to the end zone).
def_rz_tds	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_tds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: red-zone drives that included a touchdown play.
def_rz_scores	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of rz_scores -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: red-zone drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
def_rz_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the red-zone drives.
def_so_trips	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_trips -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drives with at least one play snapped in scoring-opportunity territory (40 or fewer yards to the end zone).
def_so_tds	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_tds -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: scoring-opportunity drives that included a touchdown play.
def_so_scores	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of so_scores -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: scoring-opportunity drives that scored (a touchdown or a field goal).
def_so_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scoring-opportunity drives.
def_scripted_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: the offense's first two drives of each half.
def_scripted_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays on the scripted drives.
def_scripted_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the scripted drives.
def_scripted_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success on the scripted drives.
def_scripted_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_drives	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_drives -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: every drive after the offense's first two of each half.
def_non_scripted_plays	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_plays -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: standing scrimmage plays on the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_epa	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_epa -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: play EPA summed over the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_successes	UInt32	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_successes -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: plays flagged EPA_success on the non-scripted drives.
def_non_scripted_points	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_points -- the same measure over the opposing offenses' plays while this coach's defense was on the field: drive points (touchdown 7, field goal 3) summed over the non-scripted drives.
plays_per_game	Float64	plays / games. Null when the denominator is 0.
plays_per_drive	Float64	plays / drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
drives_per_game	Float64	drives / games. Null when the denominator is 0.
sec_per_play	Float64	drive_seconds / drive_plays: seconds of game clock per offensive play from ESPN's own drive clock (pace; lower is faster). Null when the denominator is 0.
sec_per_play_neutral	Float64	drive_seconds_neutral / drive_plays_neutral: the same pace measure on drives that started situation-neutral. Null when the denominator is 0.
pace_coverage	Float64	drives_with_clock / drives: the share of drives with a usable clock; treat sec_per_play with caution when this is low. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate	Float64	passes / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_neutral	Float64	passes_neutral / plays_neutral: pass rate in situation-neutral situations. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d1	Float64	passes_d1 / plays_d1: pass rate on first down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d2	Float64	passes_d2 / plays_d2: pass rate on second down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d3	Float64	passes_d3 / plays_d3: pass rate on third down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_d4	Float64	passes_d4 / plays_d4: pass rate on fourth down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_early_down	Float64	passes_early_down / plays_early_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_standard_down	Float64	passes_standard_down / plays_standard_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_passing_down	Float64	passes_passing_down / plays_passing_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_leading	Float64	passes_leading / plays_leading: pass rate when ahead. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_tied	Float64	passes_tied / plays_tied: pass rate when tied. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_trailing	Float64	passes_trailing / plays_trailing: pass rate when behind. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_first_half	Float64	passes_first_half / plays_first_half. Null when the denominator is 0.
pass_rate_second_half	Float64	passes_second_half / plays_second_half. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play	Float64	epa / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_rush	Float64	epa_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_pass	Float64	epa_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play_early_down	Float64	epa_early_down / plays_early_down. Null when the denominator is 0.
epa_per_play_neutral	Float64	epa_neutral / plays_neutral. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate	Float64	successes / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate_rush	Float64	successes_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
success_rate_pass	Float64	successes_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp	Float64	yards / plays: yards per play. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp_rush	Float64	yards_rush / rushes: yards per rush. Null when the denominator is 0.
ypp_pass	Float64	yards_pass / passes: yards per pass play. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate	Float64	explosives / plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate_rush	Float64	explosives_rush / rushes. Null when the denominator is 0.
explosive_rate_pass	Float64	explosives_pass / passes. Null when the denominator is 0.
third_down_rate	Float64	third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_trip_rate	Float64	rz_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the red zone. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_td_rate	Float64	rz_tds / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_conversion_rate	Float64	rz_scores / rz_trips: the share of red-zone trips that scored (touchdown or field goal). Null when the denominator is 0.
rz_pts_per_trip	Float64	rz_points / rz_trips: points per red-zone trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_trip_rate	Float64	so_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_td_rate	Float64	so_tds / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_conversion_rate	Float64	so_scores / so_trips: the share of scoring-opportunity trips that scored. Null when the denominator is 0.
so_pts_per_trip	Float64	so_points / so_trips: points per scoring-opportunity trip. Null when the denominator is 0.
pts_per_drive	Float64	drive_points / drives: points per drive. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	scripted_epa / scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_success_rate	Float64	scripted_successes / scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	scripted_points / scripted_drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	non_scripted_epa / non_scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_success_rate	Float64	non_scripted_successes / non_scripted_plays. Null when the denominator is 0.
non_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	non_scripted_points / non_scripted_drives. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate	Float64	fourth_went / fourth_decisions: the share of fourth-down decisions on which the offense went for it. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate_when_model_says_go	Float64	fourth_went_when_go / fourth_model_go: go rate on the decisions where the fourth-down model said go. Null when the denominator is 0.
go_rate_when_model_says_kick	Float64	fourth_went_when_kick / fourth_model_kick: go rate on the decisions where the model said punt or kick. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_agreement_rate	Float64	fourth_agreed / fourth_decisions: the share of decisions that matched the model. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_wp_left_per_decision	Float64	fourth_wp_left / fourth_decisions: win probability left on the table per fourth-down decision. Null when the denominator is 0.
fourth_conversion_rate	Float64	fourth_converted / fourth_went: conversion rate when going for it. Null when the denominator is 0.
third_down_over_expected	Float64	third_down_conversions minus third_down_expected: conversions above the distance-adjusted expectation; null when no curve was available.
def_plays_per_game	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of plays_per_game: plays / games. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_plays_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of plays_per_drive: plays / drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_drives_per_game	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of drives_per_game: drives / games. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_sec_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of sec_per_play: drive_seconds / drive_plays: seconds of game clock per offensive play from ESPN's own drive clock (pace; lower is faster). Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_sec_per_play_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of sec_per_play_neutral: drive_seconds_neutral / drive_plays_neutral: the same pace measure on drives that started situation-neutral. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pace_coverage	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pace_coverage: drives_with_clock / drives: the share of drives with a usable clock; treat sec_per_play with caution when this is low. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate: passes / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_neutral: passes_neutral / plays_neutral: pass rate in situation-neutral situations. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d1	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d1: passes_d1 / plays_d1: pass rate on first down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d2	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d2: passes_d2 / plays_d2: pass rate on second down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d3	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d3: passes_d3 / plays_d3: pass rate on third down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_d4	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_d4: passes_d4 / plays_d4: pass rate on fourth down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_early_down: passes_early_down / plays_early_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_standard_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_standard_down: passes_standard_down / plays_standard_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_passing_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_passing_down: passes_passing_down / plays_passing_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_leading	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_leading: passes_leading / plays_leading: pass rate when ahead. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_tied	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_tied: passes_tied / plays_tied: pass rate when tied. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_trailing	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_trailing: passes_trailing / plays_trailing: pass rate when behind. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_first_half	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_first_half: passes_first_half / plays_first_half. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pass_rate_second_half	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pass_rate_second_half: passes_second_half / plays_second_half. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play: epa / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_rush: epa_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_pass: epa_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play_early_down	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play_early_down: epa_early_down / plays_early_down. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_epa_per_play_neutral	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of epa_per_play_neutral: epa_neutral / plays_neutral. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate: successes / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate_rush: successes_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_success_rate_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of success_rate_pass: successes_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp: yards / plays: yards per play. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp_rush: yards_rush / rushes: yards per rush. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_ypp_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of ypp_pass: yards_pass / passes: yards per pass play. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate: explosives / plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate_rush	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate_rush: explosives_rush / rushes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_explosive_rate_pass	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of explosive_rate_pass: explosives_pass / passes. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_third_down_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_rate: third_down_conversions / third_down_opportunities. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_trip_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_trip_rate: rz_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the red zone. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_td_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_td_rate: rz_tds / rz_trips: touchdowns per red-zone trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_conversion_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_conversion_rate: rz_scores / rz_trips: the share of red-zone trips that scored (touchdown or field goal). Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_rz_pts_per_trip	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of rz_pts_per_trip: rz_points / rz_trips: points per red-zone trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_trip_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_trip_rate: so_trips / drives: the share of drives that reached the opponent's 40. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_td_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_td_rate: so_tds / so_trips: touchdowns per scoring-opportunity trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_conversion_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_conversion_rate: so_scores / so_trips: the share of scoring-opportunity trips that scored. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_so_pts_per_trip	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of so_pts_per_trip: so_points / so_trips: points per scoring-opportunity trip. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of pts_per_drive: drive_points / drives: points per drive. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_epa_per_play: scripted_epa / scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_success_rate: scripted_successes / scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of scripted_pts_per_drive: scripted_points / scripted_drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_epa_per_play	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_epa_per_play: non_scripted_epa / non_scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_success_rate	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_success_rate: non_scripted_successes / non_scripted_plays. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_non_scripted_pts_per_drive	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of non_scripted_pts_per_drive: non_scripted_points / non_scripted_drives. Computed from the def_ counts; null when the denominator is 0.
def_third_down_over_expected	Float64	Defense-allowed twin of third_down_over_expected: def_third_down_conversions minus def_third_down_expected; null when no curve was available.

load_nfl_coach_careers()